Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Strategic Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Strategic Information System - Essay Example These approaches tend to significantly aid in the development of the information system. These approaches can be used as a framework or as a guideline that provides steps which eventually lead to the final product. In a situation where requirements from the stakeholders continuously change the development team can make two approaches. The first is a socio-technical approach which takes into account the social and technical perspective before drawing up an information system for an organization. The second is agile methodology under which regular feedback is obtained from stakeholders to ensure that there are no mistakes being made while the system is being developed. Soft systems and socio technical approaches: Socio-technical approaches are basically approaches that help an organization take into account human and social aspects of an organization in addition to the technical matters, while developing an information system. These approaches have been used by a number of organization s in the past however, their use in recent years has steadily declined (Baxter & Sommerville, 2011). Socio-technical approaches are usually based on theories that revolve around social aspects involving individuals and the society that they are a part of. The technological part of this term does not necessarily refer to technology pertaining to materials and systems used, but rather it represents procedures that are used and knowledge that is related to those particular procedures (Baxter & Sommerville, 2011). Soft systems methodology is an approach that is used as an inquiry tool where an organization makes an inquiry into a problematic situation that is thought to exist within the real world (Checkland & Scholes, 1990). Problems can basically be categorized into two main categories hard and soft. Hard problems are problems that can be properly defined and can be solved using a technical predefined approach. Soft problems, on the other hand, are very difficult to clearly define (Cl arke, 2011). Within soft problems, there is a fluctuating factor of political and human activity. Moreover, there is no exact technical approach, which a person can use to solve a soft problem. In a number of cases, technological impact on the situation is not positive and may cause even greater problems (Checkland & Scholes, 1990). Advantages and disadvantages: The idea of developing a particular information system for an organization is to address a problem that occurs within that organization. Perceptions regarding the problem are different for every stakeholder of the organization. This then divides one single problem into a number of problems that are interrelated to each other in more than one ways. Socio-technical system helps the organization by citing the definition of the organization as one of the phases towards the solution of the problem in question (Checkland & Scholes, 1990). Socio-technical approach thus helps stakeholders on focusing on the nature of the problem pri or to working towards the procurement of the solution of the given problem. By clearly defining the problem, system developers would be able to address the real problem rather than forming a solution to the problem that they perceive is correct (Baxter & Sommerville, 2011). Methodologies such as soft system approach can only be used to analyze the weak points and fails to clearly specify how a system can be built using the information that is obtained from its analysis. In some cases, the problem is
Monday, October 28, 2019
Pharmacy Admission Essay Example for Free
Pharmacy Admission Essay 1) What attracts you to a career in pharmacy? The best aspect about pharmacy is that, like any other health care profession, it is primarily involved in the preservation and improvement of life. I believe that all the health care professions are noble professions since they are involved, one way or another, in the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have diseases or illnesses. Since I am the type of person who is very enthusiastic in improving life, especially through medications, I believe that pharmacy is an excellent field for me to fulfill my desires and goals. However, unlike the other health professions, pharmacy is specifically involved in the dispensing of drugs that would be used for patients and be made commercially available. In this connection, it is safe to conclude that the field of pharmacy plays a very important and a very critical role in patient care and even general health care outside the hospital.            However, what attracts me the most to the profession is its role in ensuring and controlling the quality of the drugs being produced. As we all know, drugs have a variety of effects to the human body. It can either benefit humans or harm them depending on the dosage. In this regard, it is highly crucial for a pharmacist to see to it that all drugs and medications pass the standards and are given to patients at the proper dosages.            Furthermore, I want to be able to gain sufficient knowledge in the drug therapy, which is one of the specializations of a pharmacist. I believe that more than ensuring the quality of drugs, the role of pharmacists in administering drug therapies is equally important in the field of health care.            In short, what truly attracts me to field of pharmacy is the various and crucial role it plays in ensuring the quality and safety of drugs being used in the hospital and the ones being sold commercially which would subsequently lead to better health care services. Someday, I want to be able to assume that role and become an important member of the health care team. 2) What area of pharmacy practice do you think you will pursue and why?            I will pursue the area of pharmaceutical care because it is the aspect of pharmacy that is patient-centered. I believe that this area is one of the most crucial aspects of pharmacy as it deals with the dispensing drugs and ensuring the quality of the drugs in order to improve the condition of the patient. In addition, this area of practice will no doubt provide me with leadership and analytical skills since it involves taking responsibility for providing the patient with his or her drug therapy needs and being accountable for the outcome of the therapy.            In addition, pharmaceutical care, being a patient-centered area of practice, basically covers all aspects of pharmacy. If I am blessed and fortunate enough to be able to practice in this area of pharmacy, I would be become a well-rounded pharmacist as I would be taking on different roles that include advising the doctor what medications to prescribe to the patient, help eliminate or reduce the symptoms the illness of patient, and, most of all, improve the patient’s over-all health condition through drug therapy.            Moreover, since drug therapy is a highly complex and intricate process, I would also like to be involved in this practice and possibly become an innovator of new therapies in the future that would benefit patients. In addition, I believe that if I practice in the area of pharmaceutical care and specialize in drug therapy, I would be help lighten the load of doctors, nurses, and other health care professionals whose goal is to also improve the condition of the patient. 3) Why do you think you will be a good pharmacist?            I believe that I would be a good pharmacist someday not only because I have the necessary skills to become one, but also because I have the right attitude and traits that would enable me to efficiently and successfully practice my profession.             Moreover, I believe that for one to be successful in any field or endeavor, he or she should have passion in whatever it is he or she is doing. In this regard, I believe that my passion lies in the field of pharmacy. I have shown great enthusiasm in furthering my knowledge about the field and I believe that this passion and desire would eventually enable me to become a highly competent pharmacist.            In addition, I also possess leadership skills and have a sense of responsibility, which are two key traits that a pharmacist must possess. As a student of Salt Lake Community College in Utah, I was able to complete 40 hours of job shadowing for 5 pharmacies including: PSDI Nuclear Pharmacy, Smith’s Pharmacy, University of Utah Hospital, Jolley’s Compounding Pharmacy and University Pharmacy.            Furthermore, I have experienced how it is to ensure the welfare of people being the Safety Compliance Manager of CR England from 2001 up to present. I believe that pharmacists should have a clear understanding of what health care is and my experience as a Safety Compliance manager would significantly contribute to my understanding on this matter.            Over-all, I believe that I would become a good pharmacist in the future simply because I have the heart, the enthusiasm, and not to mention the skills needed to practice the profession. 4) Why should the Admissions Committee recommend you to be a student in the USN Pharm.D. Program?            The admissions committee should recommend me to be a student in the USN Pharm D program because I believe that I possess the necessary skills and traits to excel in the program. Moreover, my enthusiasm and passion for the field would be a welcome addition to the growing demands for pharmacists. I also want to be part of the profession that caters to a lot of patient needs and I believe that the field of pharmacy can best meet those needs.             In addition, after my the success of my grandfathers coronary artery bypass surgery when I was still young, I realized that I wanted to be involved in a field where I can help uplift the condition of a lot of people. Due to this experience, I developed in me a passion for the field of the health care, in particular, the field of pharmacy, I have always believed that I was meant to help save lives and I knew that my passion for this course will enable me to be successful. In this connection, this is the reason why the Admissions committee should recommend me to the USN Pharm D Progran.            Not only do I possess the skills and knowledge to be able to endure the intensity of the program, but I also have the desire and the enthusiasm that would allow me to become a competent and successful pharmacist someday. In short, the Admissions Committee should recommend me to the University of Nevada’s Pharm D program simply because I have the capabilities to prove that I belong to the school and also because I can be a valuable asset to the program and the field of pharmacy in general.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
A Comparison of Two Characters in A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning :: comparison compare contrast essays
A Comparison of Two Characters in A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning  In "A Rose for Emily" and "Barn Burning," William Faulkner creates two characters worthy of comparison. Emily Grierson, a recluse from Jefferson, Mississippi, is an important figure in the town, despite spending most of her life in seclusion. On the contrary, Abner Snopes is a loud, fiery-tempered man that most people tend to avoid. If these characters are judged by reputation and outward appearance only, the conclusion would be that Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes are complete opposites. However, despite the external differences, these two characters have surprisingly similar personalities. First of all, Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes have very different backgrounds. Emily Grierson is born to a wealthy family, referred to as the "high and mighty Griersons" (50). She lives in an elegant and large house, rebuilt after the Civil War. Her house is set in the heart of what was once the most elite area of Jefferson. She spends almost all of her life inside this house, coming outside its walls only on rare occasions. Yet the townspeople are always concerned with Miss Emily, as she is the last Grierson. They are interested in what is going on with her, constantly putting together the pieces of her life. However, no matter how much the people piece together the events, few know Miss Emily at all. Upon her death, she is said to be a "fallen monument" (47) because she was so idolized throughout her life. On the contrary, Abner Snopes is at the other end of the social scale. He is in the lowest class. As a tenant farmer, Abner lives a life almost like that of a slave. He works con tinuously from day to day, living with his family in small shacks that "ain't fitten for hawgs"(7). He is itinerant and never has any money. Abner constantly displays his lack of decency and rude manners. He is considered a menace wherever he goes, and no one has any interest in getting to know such a foul and arrogant man. Even though they are at the extreme ends of the social spectrum, Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes have something in common-they are both outsiders in the communities they live in. Colonel Grierson limits the people Miss Emily is allowed to see and to the point that she has no friends or even acquaintances. A Comparison of Two Characters in A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning :: comparison compare contrast essays A Comparison of Two Characters in A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning  In "A Rose for Emily" and "Barn Burning," William Faulkner creates two characters worthy of comparison. Emily Grierson, a recluse from Jefferson, Mississippi, is an important figure in the town, despite spending most of her life in seclusion. On the contrary, Abner Snopes is a loud, fiery-tempered man that most people tend to avoid. If these characters are judged by reputation and outward appearance only, the conclusion would be that Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes are complete opposites. However, despite the external differences, these two characters have surprisingly similar personalities. First of all, Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes have very different backgrounds. Emily Grierson is born to a wealthy family, referred to as the "high and mighty Griersons" (50). She lives in an elegant and large house, rebuilt after the Civil War. Her house is set in the heart of what was once the most elite area of Jefferson. She spends almost all of her life inside this house, coming outside its walls only on rare occasions. Yet the townspeople are always concerned with Miss Emily, as she is the last Grierson. They are interested in what is going on with her, constantly putting together the pieces of her life. However, no matter how much the people piece together the events, few know Miss Emily at all. Upon her death, she is said to be a "fallen monument" (47) because she was so idolized throughout her life. On the contrary, Abner Snopes is at the other end of the social scale. He is in the lowest class. As a tenant farmer, Abner lives a life almost like that of a slave. He works con tinuously from day to day, living with his family in small shacks that "ain't fitten for hawgs"(7). He is itinerant and never has any money. Abner constantly displays his lack of decency and rude manners. He is considered a menace wherever he goes, and no one has any interest in getting to know such a foul and arrogant man. Even though they are at the extreme ends of the social spectrum, Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes have something in common-they are both outsiders in the communities they live in. Colonel Grierson limits the people Miss Emily is allowed to see and to the point that she has no friends or even acquaintances.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Essay --
The difference between developing and developed nations depended mainly on the basis of economics. Gross domestic product (GDP), is the Most commonly criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development, general standard of living, per capita income, amount of widespread infrastructure, and level of industrialization. A developed country has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure compared to other less developed nations. Carbaugh (2013) developing countries are able to export manufactured goods and services to the developed countries like agricultural goods, raw materials, and labor intensive (such as textiles) which related to primary products. In the last three decades, some developing nations include China, Mexico, Turkey, Vietnam, and so on; have increasing their exports of primary products significantly. For example, according to the Export Promotion Center of Turkey, Turkey, as a major cotton producer the export value of Turkey's technical textiles and nonwovens was estimated at more than US$1.2 billion in 2008. Turkey exports its technical textile products predominantly to different developed nations such as Germany, France, Spain, Italy, and the United States. This increase as a result of economic reforms in Turkey based on free market principles, an international orientation, and reducing government intervention. This paper explain whether the government intervention in international trade g ood or not for a developing nations. Protecting domestic producers from the competition of imports is an economic policy adopted in most developing countries known as import substitution. During the Period from 1930 to 1980 many Latin American countries implemented import substitution policies. This... ...and limit foreign investment. The government allows the foreign projects as long as they recognizing the state’s permanent sovereignty over natural wealth and resources. This intervention of government has a positive effect by helping the domestic firms to growth. At conclusion, free trade and government intervention cannot be separate; the country should have free trade and positive government intervention. Free trade tends to be inequality in income, wealth and opportunity. Without government intervention, firms can exploit monopoly power to pay low wages to workers and charge high prices to consumers. The positive government intervention can regulate monopolies and promote competition and redistribute income within society. Moreover the positive government intervention in the foreign direct investment was helping the domestic firms to growth.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
The Golden Lily Chapter 6
â€Å"YOU SHOOK HIS HAND?†Adrian asked incredulously. I shot an accusing look at Eddie and Angeline. â€Å"Is nothing private around here?†â€Å"No,†said Angeline, as bluntly honest as ever. Eddie actually chuckled. It was a rare moment of camaraderie between them. â€Å"Was it supposed to be a secret?†he asked. We were over at Clarence Donahue's house for Jill and Adrian's biweekly blood feedings. Jill was off right now with Clarence's human housekeeper, Dorothy, who doubled as his feeder. I could take a lot of Moroi things in stride now, but drinking blood – human blood – made me shudder every time. My best coping mechanism was trying to forget why we were here. â€Å"No,†I admitted. Julia and Kristin had grilled me for date details a couple of days ago, so I'd given them some. I supposed I had to accept that once I told them anything, it would inevitably get back to everyone in the world. No doubt my Amberwood family had then passed it on to Adrian. â€Å"Really?†Adrian was still hung up on the end of my date. â€Å"His hand?†I sighed and sank back into a sleek leather sofa. Clarence's house always reminded me of some stereotypical haunted manor from the outside – but inside it was modern and well furnished. â€Å"Look, it just happened – okay, you know what? Never mind. This is none of your business. Just let it go.†But something in Adrian's expression told me he would not, in fact, be letting it go anytime soon. â€Å"With all that red-hot passion, it's a wonder you guys can stay away from each other,†said Adrian, deadpan. â€Å"Is there going to be a second date?†Eddie and Angeline looked at me expectantly. I hesitated. This was information I hadn't given up to Julia and Kristin, largely because it had only just been arranged. â€Å"Yes,†I said at last. â€Å"We're going on a, um, windmill tour later this week.†If I'd wanted to shut them all up, I'd definitely succeeded. They all looked stunned. Adrian spoke first. â€Å"I'm going to assume that means he's flying you to Amsterdam on his private jet. If so, I'd like to come along. But not for the windmills.†â€Å"There's a huge windmill farm north of Palm Springs,†I explained. â€Å"It's one of the only ones in the world that does public tours.†More blank looks. â€Å"Wind energy is a powerful renewable resource that could have a huge impact on our country's future!†I said in exasperation. â€Å"This is a cool thing.†â€Å"‘Cool,'†said Adrian. â€Å"‘Wind.' I see what you did there, Sage. Pretty clever.†â€Å"It wasn't meant to be a – â€Å" The sitting room's stained glass French doors opened, and Dimitri and Sonya entered with our host Clarence in tow. I hadn't seen him since I arrived and gave him a polite smile, glad for the distraction from my so-called love life. â€Å"Hello, Mr. Donahue,†I said. â€Å"It's nice to see you again.†â€Å"Eh?†The elderly Moroi man squinted in my direction, and after a few moments, recognition lit his features. He had white hair and always dressed as though he were at a formal dinner party from about fifty years ago. â€Å"There you are. Glad you could stop by, my dear. What brings you over?†â€Å"Jill's feeding, sir.†We did this two times every week, but Clarence's mind wasn't quite what it used to be. He'd been pretty scattered since we first met, but the death of his son, Lee, had seemed to push the old man even farther over the edge – particularly since he didn't seem to believe it. We'd told him gently – a number of times – that Lee had died, leaving out the Strigoi part. Each time we did, Clarence insisted Lee was just â€Å"away right now†and would be back. Scattered or not, Clarence was always kind and relatively harmless – for a vampire, of course. â€Å"Ah, yes, naturally.†He settled into his massive armchair and then glanced back toward Dimitri and Sonya. â€Å"So you'll be able to fix the window locks?†There had apparently been some other discussion going on before they joined us. Dimitri seemed to be trying to find a nice way to respond. He was as amazing to look at as ever, dressed in jeans and a T-shirt, with a long leather duster over it all. How anyone could survive wearing a coat like that in Palm Springs was beyond me, but if anyone could, I supposed it was him. Usually he only wore it inside, but sometimes, I'd see it outside too. I'd mentioned this odd wardrobe choice to Adrian a couple of weeks ago: â€Å"Isn't Dimitri hot?†Adrian's response hadn't been entirely unexpected: â€Å"Well, yeah, according to most women, at least.†Dimitri's face was the picture of politeness as he addressed Clarence's concerns. â€Å"I don't believe there's anything wrong with the ones you have,†Dimitri said. â€Å"Everything is sealed up pretty tightly.†â€Å"So it seems,†said Clarence ominously. â€Å"But you don't know how resourceful they are. I'm not behind the times, you know. I know there are all sorts of technologies out there that you can put in. Like lasers that tell you if someone's breaking in.†Dimitri arched an eyebrow. â€Å"You mean a security system?†â€Å"Yes, exactly,†said Clarence. â€Å"That'll keep the hunters out.†This turn in conversation wasn't exactly a surprise to me. Clarence's paranoia had also increased recently – and that was saying something. He lived in constant fear of what he claimed were vampire hunters, humans who†¦ well, hunted vampires. For the longest time, he'd claimed they were responsible for his niece's death and that reports of her being killed by a Strigoi were incorrect. It turned out he was half-right. Her death hadn't been the result of a Strigoi attack – it had been caused by Lee, in a desperate attempt to change back from a Moroi to a Strigoi. Clarence refused to accept that, however, and persisted in his beliefs about the hunters. My assurances that the Alchemists had no records of any groups like that existing since the Middle Ages hadn't gone very far. Consequently, Clarence was always making people do â€Å"security checks†of his house. Since Sonya a nd Dimitri were actually staying with him throughout the experimentation, that tedious task often fell to them. â€Å"I'm not really qualified to install a security system,†said Dimitri. â€Å"Really? There's something you can't do?†Adrian's voice was so soft that I could barely hear him, and he was sitting right next to me. I doubted even the others, with their superior hearing, could've made out his words. Why does he still let Dimitri get to him? I wondered. â€Å"You'd have to call professionals,†Dimitri continued to Clarence. â€Å"I'm guessing you wouldn't want a bunch of strangers coming in and out of your house.†Clarence frowned. â€Å"That's true. It'd be very easy for the hunters to infiltrate them.†Dimitri was the picture of patience. â€Å"I'll do daily checks of all the doors and windows while I'm here – just to be sure.†â€Å"That would be wonderful,†said Clarence, some of his tension easing. â€Å"Admittedly, I'm not really the hunters' usual type. Not dangerous enough. Not anymore.†He chuckled to himself. â€Å"Still. You never know what could happen. Best to be safe.†Sonya gave him a gentle smile. â€Å"I'm sure everything will be fine. You have nothing to worry about.†Clarence met her eyes, and after a few seconds, a smile slowly spread over his face as well. His rigid posture slackened. â€Å"Yes, yes. You're right. Nothing to worry about.†I shivered. I'd been around Moroi enough to know what had happened. Sonya had just used compulsion – only a whisper of it – to calm Clarence. Compulsion, the ability to force your will on others, was a skill all Moroi possessed to varying degrees. Spirit users were the strongest, rivaling Strigoi. Using compulsion on others was taboo among the Moroi, and there were serious consequences for those who abused it. I was guessing Moroi authorities would overlook her soothing a nervous old man, but the small act still unsettled me. Compulsion in particular had always struck me as one of the most insidious Moroi powers. And had Sonya really needed to use it? She was already so kind and soothing. Wouldn't that be enough for Clarence? Sometimes I wondered if they just used magic for the sake of doing so. Sometimes I wondered if it was being used around me†¦ without me even knowing. Clarence's talk of vampire hunters always triggered a mix of amusement and unease around everyone. With him pacified (even if I didn't like the means), we were all able to relax a little bit. Sonya leaned back against the loveseat, drinking some fruity drink that looked perfect on a hot day like this. From her dirty clothes and haphazard hairstyling, I was willing to bet she'd been outside – not that she still didn't look beautiful. Most Moroi avoided this kind of intense sun, but her love of plants was so great that she'd been risking it to work on some of the ailing flowers in Clarence's garden. Heavy sunscreen could work wonders. â€Å"I'm not going to be around much longer,†she told us. â€Å"A few more weeks at most. I need to go back and work on some wedding plans with Mikhail.†â€Å"When's the big day again?†Adrian asked. She smiled. â€Å"It's in December.†That surprised me until she added, â€Å"There's a huge, tropical greenhouse near the Court that we're going to use. It's gorgeous – not that it matters. Mikhail and I could be married anywhere. All that counts is that we're together. Of course, if we're able to choose, then why not go all out?†Even I smiled at that. Leave it to Sonya to find a spot of green in the middle of a Pennsylvania winter. â€Å"Dimitri may stay on,†she continued. â€Å"But it'd be great if we could make some kind of progress before I go. The aura tests so far have been†¦Ã¢â‚¬ â€Å"Useless?†suggested Adrian. â€Å"I was going to say inconclusive,†she replied. Adrian shook his head. â€Å"So all that time we spent was wasted?†Sonya didn't answer and instead took another sip of her drink. I was willing to bet it was non-alcoholic – she didn't self-medicate the way Adrian did – and that Dorothy could make me one if I wanted. Yet, I was also willing to bet it was terrible for me. Maybe I'd see if there was any Diet Coke in the kitchen. Sonya leaned forward, an eager glint in her eye. â€Å"Dimitri and I were talking and realized there's something obvious we've been missing. Actually, I should say avoiding, but not pursuing it would be a waste.†â€Å"What's that?†asked Adrian. â€Å"Blood,†said Dimitri. I winced. I didn't like it when this topic came up. It reminded me of exactly what kind of people I was with. â€Å"Obviously, there's something about restored Strigoi that protects them – us,†he said. â€Å"We've looked for magical signs, but the answer might be more physical. And from the report I read, the Strigoi had trouble drinking ll – his blood.†Dimitri had been about to say Lee, but had amended his choice out of respect for Clarence. The old man's dazed, happy look made it hard to tell if he understood what we were discussing at all. â€Å"They complained about it,†I agreed. â€Å"But that didn't seem to stop them from drinking it.†Strigoi could be forcibly created if a Strigoi drained a victim's blood and then fed Strigoi blood back to him or her. Lee had asked Strigoi to do this for him, but all draining him had achieved was death. â€Å"We'd like to take a sample of Dimitri's blood and then compare it to yours, Eddie,†said Sonya. â€Å"Blood can hold all sorts of magical properties, which might show us how to fight Strigoi.†I kept my face as blank as possible, praying no one would notice me. Blood can hold all sorts of magical properties. Hopefully, in all this talk, no one would recall the mystery of why my blood was inexplicably revolting to Strigoi. And really, why should they? I'd never been restored. I wasn't a dhampir. There was no reason at all they'd want me in these experiments. And yet, if that was true, why was I suddenly sweating? â€Å"We can send it to a lab for the chemical part and try to read any magical properties off it too,†Sonya continued. She sounded apologetic, but Eddie didn't look concerned. â€Å"No problem,†he said. â€Å"Whatever you need.†He meant it too, I knew. Losing blood was a million times easier for him than being inactive. Besides, he probably lost more blood in daily practice than he'd even need to give up for this experiment. â€Å"If you need another dhampir,†said Angeline. â€Å"You can use me too. Me and Eddie could help you. We'd be a team. Sydney wouldn't have to keep coming along, especially now that she's got a boyfriend.†There were so many things wrong with that, I didn't know where to start. The confidence Eddie had shown over giving blood vanished at â€Å"we'd be a team.†â€Å"We'll consider it,†said Sonya. There was a sparkle in her eye, and I remembered her saying she could see affection in auras. Could she detect Angeline's crush? â€Å"For now, I'd rather not take you away from your schoolwork. It's less important for Eddie since he's already graduated, but you should keep up with it.†Angeline looked unhappy about that. She'd had a number of difficulties with her classes, not to mention some outright embarrassments – like when she'd been asked to create a map of Central America and had shown up with one of Nebraska and Kansas. She put on a cocky face, but I knew Amberwood overwhelmed her sometimes. Jill joined us, looking bright and refreshed. Ideally, Moroi drank blood every day. They could survive on this twice-a-week schedule, but I'd noticed that Jill grew tired and rundown the farther she got from feedings. â€Å"Your turn, Adrian,†she said. He was yawning and looked startled at being noticed. I don't think he'd really been interested in Sonya's blood experiments. As he stood up, he glanced over at me. â€Å"Will you walk with me a sec, Sage?†Before I could even lodge my protest, he said, â€Å"Don't worry, I'm not taking you to the feeding. I just want to ask you a quick question.†I nodded and followed him out of the room. As soon as we were away from the others, I said, â€Å"I do not want to hear any more ‘witty' commentary on Brayden.†â€Å"My commentary's hilarious, not witty. But that's not what I wanted to talk about.†He came to a halt in the hallway, outside what I suspected was Dorothy's room. â€Å"So, it seems my old man's coming to San Diego on business next weekend.†I leaned against the wall and crossed my arms, already getting a bad feeling about this. â€Å"He doesn't know why I'm here, of course, or that I'm with Jill. He doesn't even know what city I'm in. He just thinks I'm partying in California, up to no good as usual.†I wasn't surprised that Mr. Ivashkov wouldn't know the true reason for Adrian being here. Jill's â€Å"resurrection†was top secret, as were her whereabouts. We couldn't risk any extra people – not even someone who might not mean her harm – finding out where she was. What did surprise me was that Adrian was working so hard to act like he didn't care what his father thought – but he obviously did. Adrian's face was convincing, but there was a note of bitterness in his voice that gave him away. â€Å"Anyway,†Adrian continued, â€Å"he said he'd meet me for lunch if I wanted. Normally, I'd blow it off†¦ but I'd kind of like to know what's going on with my mom – they never tell me when I call or e-mail.†Again, I picked up mixed emotions from him. Adrian's mother was serving time in a Moroi prison for crimes of intrigue. You wouldn't know it by his cocky attitude and sense of humor, but it must have been hard on him. â€Å"Let me guess,†I said. â€Å"You want to borrow my car.†I was sympathetic to those with difficult fathers, even Adrian. But my compassion only went so far and didn't extend to Latte. I couldn't risk any dents. Besides, the idea of being stuck without any way to get around scared me, especially when vampires were involved. â€Å"No way,†he said. â€Å"I know better than that.†He did? â€Å"Then what do you want?†I asked, surprised. â€Å"I was hoping you'd drive me.†I groaned. â€Å"Adrian, it takes two hours to get there.†â€Å"It's pretty much a straight shot down the highway,†he pointed out. â€Å"And I figured you'd drive a four-hour round-trip before giving up your car to someone else.†I eyed him. â€Å"That's true.†He took a step closer, a disconcertingly earnest expression all over his face. â€Å"Please, Sage. I know it's a lot to ask, so I'm not even going to pretend you'd benefit. I mean, you can spend the day in San Diego doing whatever you want. It's not the same as going to see solar panels or whatever with Brady, but I'd owe you – literally and figuratively. I'll pay you gas money.†â€Å"It's Brayden, and where in the world would you get gas money?†Adrian lived on a very tight allowance his father gave him. It was part of why Adrian was taking college classes, in the hopes that he'd get financial aid next semester and have a bit more of an income. I admired that, though if we were all actually still in Palm Springs come January, it'd mean the Moroi had some serious political problems. â€Å"I†¦ I'd cut back on things to come up with the extra money,†he said after a few moments of hesitation. I didn't bother hiding my surprise. â€Å"Things†most likely meant alcohol and cigarettes, which was where his meager allowance usually went. â€Å"Really?†I asked. â€Å"You'd give up drinking to go see your dad?†â€Å"Well, not permanently,†he said. â€Å"That'd be ridiculous. But maybe I could switch to something slightly cheaper for a while. Like†¦ slushes. Do you know how much I love those? Cherry, especially.†â€Å"Um, no,†I said. Adrian was easily distractible by wacky topics and shiny objects. â€Å"They're pure sugar.†â€Å"Pure deliciousness, you mean. I haven't had a good one in ages.†â€Å"You're getting off topic,†I pointed out. â€Å"Oh. Right. Well, whether I have to go on a slush-based diet or whatever, you'll get your money. And that's the other reason†¦ I'm kind of hoping the old man might agree to up my income. You probably don't believe it, but I hate always borrowing from you. It's easy for my dad to dodge phone calls, but face-to-face? He can't escape. Plus, he thinks it's more ‘manly' and ‘respectable' to ask for something directly. Classic Nathan Ivashkov honor.†Once again, the bitterness. Maybe a little anger. I studied Adrian for a long time as I thought about my next response. The hall was dim, giving him the advantage. He could probably see me perfectly while some details were more difficult for me. Those green, green eyes I so often admired in spite of myself simply looked dark now. The pain on his face, however, was all too apparent. He hadn't yet learned to hide his feelings from Jill and the bond, but I knew he kept that lazy, devil-may-care attitude on for the rest of the world – well, for everyone except me lately. This wasn't the first time I'd seen him vulnerable, and it seemed weird to me that I, of all people, was the one he kept baring his emotions to. Or was it weird? Maybe this was just my social ineptitude confusing me again. Regardless, it pulled at something within me. â€Å"Is that really what this is about? The money?†I asked, tucking my other questions aside. â€Å"You don't like him. There has to be something more here.†â€Å"The money's a big part. But I meant what I said earlier†¦ about my mom. I need to know how she is, and he won't tell me about her. Honestly, I think he just wants to pretend it never happened – either for that reputation of his or maybe†¦ maybe because it hurts him. I don't know, but like I said, he can't dodge if I'm right there. Plus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Adrian glanced away a moment before mustering the courage to meet my eyes again. â€Å"I don't know. It's stupid. But I thought†¦ well, maybe he'd be impressed that I was sticking to college this time. Probably not, though.†My heart ached for him, and I suspected that last part – earning his dad's approval – was bigger than Adrian was letting on. I knew all about what it was like to have a father who continually judged, whom nothing was ever good enough for. I understood as well the warring emotions†¦ how one day you could say you didn't care, yet be yearning for approval the next. And I certainly understood motherly attachment. One of the hardest parts of being in Palm Springs was the distance from my mom and sisters. â€Å"Why me?†I blurted out. I hadn't meant to touch on those earlier questions, but I suddenly couldn't help myself. There was too much tension here, too much emotion. â€Å"You could've asked Sonya or Dimitri to drive you. They probably would've even let you borrow their rental car.†The ghost of a smile flashed across Adrian's face. â€Å"I don't know about that. And I think you know why I don't want to risk being trapped in a car with our Russian friend. As for the rest†¦ I don't know, Sage. There's something about you†¦ you don't judge like the others. I mean, you do. You're more judgmental than any of them in some ways. But there's an honesty to it. I feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ The smile left his face as he faltered for words. â€Å"Comfortable around you, I guess.†There was no way I could stand against that, though I find it ironic he was allegedly most comfortable around me when Moroi gave me panic attacks half the time. You don't have to help, an inner voice warned me. You don't owe him anything. You don't owe any Moroi anything that isn't absolutely necessary. Have you forgotten Keith? This isn't a part of your job. The bunker came back to me, and I recalled how one vampire deal had landed Keith in Reeducation. How much worse was I? Social interaction was an inevitable part of this assignment, but I was blurring all the lines around it again. â€Å"Okay,†I said. â€Å"I'll do it. E-mail me what time you need to leave.†That's when the funniest part came. He looked totally floored. â€Å"Really?†I couldn't help but laugh. â€Å"You gave me that whole pitch and didn't really think I'd agree, did you?†â€Å"No,†he admitted, still clearly amazed. â€Å"I can't always tell with you. I cheat with people, you know. I mean, I'm good at reading faces, but I pick up a lot from auras and act like I just have amazing insight. I haven't learned to totally understand humans, though. You've got the same colors but a different feel.†Auras didn't weird me out as much as other vampire magic, but I still wasn't entirely comfortable with them. â€Å"What color is mine?†â€Å"Yellow, of course.†â€Å"Of course?†â€Å"Smart, analytic types usually have yellow. You've got a little purple here and there, though.†Even in the dimness, I could see a mischievous spark in his eyes. â€Å"That's what makes you interesting.†â€Å"What's purple mean?†Adrian put his hand on the door. â€Å"Gotta go, Sage. Don't want to keep Dorothy waiting.†â€Å"Come on. Tell me what purple is.†I was so curious, I nearly grabbed his arm. He turned the knob. â€Å"I will if you want to join us.†â€Å"Adrian – â€Å" Laughing, he disappeared inside the room and shut the door. With a shake of my head, I started to return to the others and then decided to seek out my Diet Coke after all. I lingered with it in the kitchen for a while, leaning against the granite countertops and staring absentmindedly at the brilliant copper pots hanging from the ceiling. Why had I agreed to drive Adrian? What was it about him that managed to crack all the propriety and logic I built my life around? I understood why I often had a soft spot for Jill. She reminded me of my younger sister, Zoe. But Adrian? He wasn't like anyone I knew. In fact, I was fairly certain there was no one in the entire world quite like Adrian Ivashkov. I delayed so long that when I returned to the living room, Adrian was on his way back too. I sat down on the couch, nursing the last of my Diet Coke. Sonya brightened upon seeing me. â€Å"Sydney, we just had a wonderful idea.†Maybe I wasn't always the quickest in picking up social cues, but I did notice this wonderful idea was addressed to me, and not Adrian and me. â€Å"We were just talking about the reports from the night of the†¦ incident.†She gave Clarence a meaningful look, and I nodded in understanding. â€Å"Both the Moroi and the Alchemists said the Strigoi had trouble with your blood too, correct?†I stiffened, not liking this at all. It was a conversation I'd lived in fear of. The Strigoi who'd killed Lee hadn't just had â€Å"trouble†with my blood. Lee's had tasted strange to them. Mine had been disgusting. The one who'd tried to drink from me hadn't been able to tolerate it at all. She'd even spit it out. â€Å"Yes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ I said carefully. â€Å"Obviously, you're not a restored Strigoi,†said Sonya. â€Å"But we'd like to take a look at your blood too. Maybe there's something about it that could help us. A small sample should suffice.†All eyes were on me, even Clarence's. The room started to close in as a familiar panic filled me. I had thought a lot about why the Strigoi hadn't liked my blood – actually, I'd tried to avoid thinking about it. I didn't want to believe there was anything special about me. There couldn't be. I didn't want to attract anyone's attention. It was one thing to facilitate these experiments and another to actually be a subject. If they wanted me for one test, they might want me for something else. And then something else. I'd end up locked away, poked and prodded. There was also the fact that I just didn't want to give up my blood. It didn't matter that I liked Sonya and Dimitri. It didn't matter that the blood would be drawn with a needle, not teeth. The basic concept was still there, a taboo stemming from the most rudimentary of Alchemist beliefs: giving blood to vampires was wrong. It was my blood. Mine. No one – especially vampires – had any business with it. I swallowed, hoping I didn't look like I wanted to bolt. â€Å"It was only one Strigoi's opinion. And you know they don't like humans as well as†¦ you guys.†That was part of why the Moroi lived in such fear and had seen their numbers reduced over time. They were the creme de la creme of Strigoi cuisine. â€Å"That's probably all it was.†â€Å"Perhaps,†said Sonya. â€Å"But there's no harm done in checking.†Her face was alight with this new idea. I hated turning her down†¦ but my principles on this matter were too strong. It was everything I'd been raised to believe. â€Å"I think it's a waste of time,†I said. â€Å"We know spirit has to be involved, and I have no connection to that.†â€Å"I do think it would be helpful,†she said. â€Å"Please.†Helpful? From her point of view, yes. She wanted to rule out every possibility. But my blood had nothing to do with Strigoi conversions. It couldn't. â€Å"I†¦ I'd rather not.†A tame response, considering the emotions churning inside me. My heart was starting to race, and the walls were still closing in on me. My anxiety increased as I was visited by an old feeling, the awful realization that I was outnumbered here at Clarence's. That it was me and a roomful of vampires and dhampirs. Unnatural creatures. Unnatural creatures who wanted my blood†¦ Dimitri studied me curiously. â€Å"It won't hurt, if that's what you're afraid of. We don't need any more than what a doctor would take.†I shook my head adamantly. â€Å"No.†â€Å"Both Sonya and I have training in this sort of thing,†he added, trying to reassure me. â€Å"You don't have to worry about – â€Å" â€Å"She said no, okay?†All the eyes that had been on me suddenly jerked toward Adrian. He leaned forward, fixing his gaze on Sonya and Dimitri, and I saw something in those pretty eyes I'd never seen before: anger. They were like emerald fire. â€Å"How many times does she have to refuse?†Adrian demanded. â€Å"If she doesn't want to, then that's all there is to it. This has nothing to do with her. This is our science project. She's here to protect Jill and has plenty to do there. So stop harassing her already!†â€Å"‘Harassing' is kind of a strong word,†Dimitri said, calm in the face of Adrian's outburst. â€Å"Not when you keep pushing someone who wants to be left alone,†countered Adrian. He shot me a concerned look before fixing his anger back on Sonya and Dimitri. â€Å"Stop ganging up on her.†Sonya glanced uncertainly between us. She looked legitimately hurt. As astute as she was, I don't think she'd realized how much this bothered me. â€Å"Adrian†¦ Sydney†¦ we aren't trying to upset anyone. We just really want to get to the bottom of this. I thought all of you did too. Sydney's always been so supportive.†â€Å"It doesn't matter,†growled Adrian. â€Å"Take Eddie's blood. Take Belikov's blood. Take your own for all I care. But if she doesn't want to give hers, then that's all there is to it. She said no. This conversation is done.†Some distant part of me noticed that this was the first time I'd ever seen Adrian stand up to Dimitri. Usually, Adrian simply tried to ignore the other man – and hoped to be ignored in return. â€Å"But – †began Sonya. â€Å"Let it go,†said Dimitri. His expression was always difficult to read, but there was a gentleness in his voice. â€Å"Adrian's right.†Unsurprisingly, the room was a little tense after that. There were a few halting attempts at small talk that I hardly noticed. My heart was still in overtime, my breath still coming fast. I worked hard to calm down, reassuring myself that the conversation was done, that Sonya and Dimitri weren't going to interrogate me or forcibly drain my blood. I dared a peek at Adrian. He no longer looked angry, but there was still a fierceness there. It was almost†¦ protective. A strange, warm feeling swirled in my chest, and for a brief moment, when I looked at him, I saw†¦ safety. That wasn't usually the first sentiment I had around him. I shot him what I hoped was a grateful look. He gave me a small nod in return. He knows, I realized. He knows how I feel about vampires. Of course, everyone knew. Alchemists made no secret about how we believed most vampires and dhampirs were dark creatures who had no business interacting with humans. Because I was with them so often, however, I didn't think my cohort here in Palm Springs really understood how deeply that belief ran. They understood it in theory but didn't really feel it. They had no reason to since they hardly ever saw any evidence of it in me. But Adrian understood. I didn't know how, but he did. I thought back on the handful of times I'd freaked out around them since being in Palm Springs. Once had been at a mini-golf course when Jill had used her water magic. Another time had been with the Strigoi and Lee, when Adrian had offered to heal me with his magic. Those were small lapses of control for me, ones none of the others had even noticed. Adrian had. How was it that Adrian Ivashkov, who never seemed to take anything seriously, was the only one among these â€Å"responsible†people who had paid attention to such small details? How was he the only one to really understand the magnitude of what I was feeling? When the time came to leave, I drove Adrian home along with the rest of us Amberwood students. More silence persisted in the car. Once Adrian had been dropped off, Eddie relaxed and shook his head. â€Å"Man. I don't think I've ever seen Adrian so mad. Actually, I've never seen Adrian mad at all.†â€Å"He wasn't that mad,†I said evasively, eyes on the road. â€Å"He seemed pretty mad to me,†said Angeline. â€Å"I thought he was going to jump up and attack Dimitri.†Eddie scoffed. â€Å"I don't think it was going to quite reach that point.†â€Å"I dunno,†she mused. â€Å"I think he was ready to take on anyone who messed with you, Sydney.†I continued staring ahead, refusing to look at any of them. The whole encounter had left me feeling confused. Why had Adrian protected me? â€Å"I offered to do him a favor next weekend,†I said. â€Å"I think he feels like he owes me.†Jill, sitting beside me in the passenger seat, had been quiet thus far. With the bond, she might know the answer. â€Å"No,†she said, a puzzled note in her voice. â€Å"He would have done it for you regardless.â€
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Penny Press Creator Benjamin Day Changed Journalism
Penny Press Creator Benjamin Day Changed Journalism Benjamin Day was a printer from New England who started a trend in American journalism when he founded a New York City newspaper, The Sun, which sold for a penny. Reasoning that a growing working-class audience would respond to a newspaper that was affordable, his invention of the Penny Press was a genuine milestone in American journalism history. While Day’s newspaper proved successful, he was not particularly suited to being a newspaper editor. After about five years of operating The Sun, he sold it to his brother in law at the very low price of $40,000. The newspaper continued to publish for decades. Day later dabbled with publishing magazines and with other business endeavors. By the 1860s he was essentially retired. He lived on his investments until his death in 1889. Despite his relatively short tenure in the American newspaper business, Day is remembered as a revolutionary figure who proved that newspapers could be marketed to a mass audience. Early Life of Benjamin Day Benjamin Day was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, on April 10, 1810. His family had deep roots in New England going back to the 1830s. While in his teens Day was apprenticed to a printer, and at the age of 20 he moved to New York City and began working in print shops and newspaper offices. He saved enough money to start his own printing business, which nearly failed when the cholera epidemic of 1832 sent a panic through the city. Trying to salvage his business, he decided to start a newspaper. Founding of The Sun Day was aware that other low-cost newspapers had been tried elsewhere in America, but in New York City the price of a newspaper was generally six cents. Reasoning that working-class New Yorkers, including newly arrived immigrants, would read a newspaper if they could afford it, Day launched The Sun on September 3, 1833. At the outset, Day put the newspaper together by repackaging the news from out of town newspapers. And to stay competitive he hired a reporter, George Wisner, who ferreted out news and wrote articles. Day also introduced another innovation, newsboys who hawked the newspaper on street corners. The combination of a cheap newspaper that was easily available was successful, and before long Day was making a good living publishing The Sun. And his success inspired a competitor with far more journalism experience, James Gordon Bennett, to launch The Herald, another penny newspaper in New York, in 1835. An era of newspaper competition was born. When Horace Greeley founded the New York Tribune in 1841 it was also initially priced at one cent. At some point, Day lost interest in the day-to-day work of publishing a newspaper, and he sold The Sun to his brother in law, Moses Yale Beach, in 1838. But during the short time he was involved in newspapers he had successfully disrupted the industry. Day’s Later Life Day later launched another newspaper, which he sold after a few months. And he started a magazine called Brother Jonathan (named for the common symbol for America before Uncle Sam became popular). During the Civil War Day retired for good. He admitted at one point that he had not been a great newspaper editor, but had managed to transform the business â€Å"more by accident than design.†He died in New York City on December 21, 1889, at the age of 79.
Monday, October 21, 2019
Analyse how cultural variations can influence communication Essays
Analyse how cultural variations can influence communication Essays Analyse how cultural variations can influence communication Paper Analyse how cultural variations can influence communication Paper Good communication is essential to ensure optimum health care for people from different cultural backgrounds. Culture is something that we all have, so whilst some cultural beliefs and practices may seem strange to a white indigenous British person, then the opposite is likely to be true to a person from a different culture. Harris (1999) asserts that a culture is the socially learned ways of living found in human societies, and that it embraces all aspects of social life, including both thought and behaviour. Leinger (1991) described culture as ‘the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thinking, decisions and actions in patterned or certain ways (Burnard and Gill 2008). Culture is learned rather than innate and dynamic and constantly changing. The UK is becoming an increasingly diverse multicultural society and the different migration patterns throughout recent centuries have added to the dynamic nature of the British culture and society. It is estimated that there are at least 3 million people living in the UK where English is not their first language and the challenges that this poses for the NHS and other caring agencies are immense. At the heart of these challenges is the fostering of good communications where people from all cultural backgrounds can understand and respect each other. The first part of this essay outlines some cultural variations regarding communication. In the second part of this essay the implications that these cultural variations have for health and social care practice are investigated. Some of the different cultural variations that are detailed relate to national backgrounds, age, social class and gender. Cultural variations and communication It is a normal human condition to interpret actions, facial expressions, choice of words and other forms of communication according to a person’s cultural conditioning and past experience. As language is the primary vehicle of culture, perhaps the most obvious indicator of a person’s culture is the way they speak. Statistics from the 2011 Census shows that there are more than one hundred spoken languages in London, alone (Bentham, M 2013). There are also major differences in accents, dialect and usage of words throughout the general population of the United Kingdom. Furthermore, language is central to any subculture so different age groups, gender, different occupations and people with different lifestyles and preferences will develop their own cultures and languages. A good example of this is the recent use of the words ‘sick’ (meaning great or awesome) and ‘dope’ (meaning good, great or cool) by teenagers and young people. These words have a complete opposite meaning to people from an older generation. As well as cultural variations in the spoken word there are major variations in the body language of different cultures. Being bear hugged by a Russian person or being rebuked for smiling too much at somebody from Korea highlights the cultural blunders and confusions inherent in today’s global village. In Bulgaria, for instance, they shake their head for yes and nod for no, and in Korea touching your nose is very rude, and in France the V-sign is used for smoking. Other pitfalls include colours and symbols, for example in India the colour of mourning is white whilst in Saudi Arabia it is insulting to cross an ankle over a knee and display the sole of the shoe while talking to another person. Other taboos include Japanese people viewing it as rude to use too much eye contact, whilst in Saudi Arabia eye contact between a man and a woman would be frowned upon and seen by many as the woman being sexually promiscuous. And whilst people from Mediterranean countries are very animated when expressing themselves this may be misinterpreted to someone from a more reserved culture as being aggressive. It is important, therefore, in multicultural Britain that health and social care workers learn and embrace cultural variations in communication, as it is the responsibility of all healthcare professionals to provide equitable care for patients irrespective of their cultural background or communication abilities. Implications for Practice All health and social care workers need to be aware of cultural variations in communication. These include the care assistant who recognises the symbolic importance of the bindi and assists the Hindu service user to apply the red dot, to the midwife who refrains from installing praise on a new born Vietnamese baby because she (or he) understands the significance of Vietnamese taboos and superstitions. Furthermore, the surgeon who realises that the Asian child with a swastika painted on his head is displaying it for good look rather than for Nazi sympathiser reasons and this would hopefully prevent a reoccurrence where a surgeon refused to operate on a patient because they had a swastika tattoo (Day, M 2010). Other examples of understanding cultural variations in healthcare include the pharmacist underestimating the risks of dispensing medicines to non-literate people who statistically are in additional danger of being hospitalised through not being able to understand labels and written instructions. People from non-literate and lower social class groups are also less likely to be as autonomous in healthcare interactions as their white middle-class counterparts. One doctor in primary care reported how low literacy meant that patients were unable to articulate problems accurately and more time was required for explanation. These cultural barriers encourage healthcare workers, such as doctors, to make decisions for patients and service users believing that they are culturally limited in their ability to make big decisions. Equally, many older people may refrain from asking for clarification about matters for fear of being labelled confused or demented (Likupe, G 2014). Johnson et al (2004) reported that physicians in the US were more dominant and engaged in less patient-centred communication with African-American patients compared with white patients. As a result, African-American patients demonstrated reduced adherence to treatment regimens and less satisfaction with care compared with the white patients in the study (Likupe, G 2014) and again cultural variations influenced the communication and in turn outcomes for these patients. These examples highlight how cultural variations and misunderstandings can result in the manifestation of stereotypical views which in turn leads to discrimination. Another study showed that African-American women received different treatment from white women and that stereotyping influenced this treatment. These women were often stereotyped as being aggressive and this affected their interactions with healthcare professionals. Sometimes they felt that their conversations were being misinterpreted. One woman in the study described how a doctor was scared of her because she used her hands often when speaking and the doctor thought she was going to hit him (Likupe, G 2014). Cultural variations will also affect the way that health and social care workers and service users greet each other. The friendly, firm handshake common to the indigenous British population may appear rude to somebody from Arabic Middle-Eastern cultures. And in China, not only are weak handshakes preferred, but the custom is to hold on for an extended time after the initial shake. With no knowledge of this the indigenous healthcare worker may believe that the patient is very nervous. On the other hand receiving an extra firm hand shake from somebody with a South African culture, will not mean that they are being aggressive as in South Africa, the stronger the handshake, the better. Some cultures prohibit physical contact between men and women, so an handshake greeting would not be an option as it may cause offence. In such circumstances a nod of the head may be the appropriate way to greet a service user, and understanding these nuances are vital for building up relationships of respect and trust with the client and their family. There are also other cultural taboos that the healthcare worker will benefit from knowing. For example, not to shake hands over the doorstep when leaving the home of a Russian service-user, as they believe that this may cause an argument. Russian culture also has a different approach to proximity. Proxemics reveals that people handle space differently, depending on the type of culture they come from. If personal space is violated, people from individualistic cultures may react actively while people from collectivist cultures may adopt a passive stance. It is crucial for healthcare workers to understand more about how physical space is dealt with in different cultures in order to increase their comprehension and expression. Axtell (1997 p40) places cultures into the following categories. High contact†are touching cultures (for example, Middle East, Latin American, Greece,†¦), â€Å"moderate contact†are middle ground (for example, France, China, Ireland,†¦) and â€Å"low contact†do not touch (for example, Japan, US, England,†¦). Healthcare workers need to be sensitive to these differences since a body gesture can appear personal or intimate depending on the culture of the person. Perceptions of health and well-being, illness and disease are culturally defined and healthcare workers need to be aware of how this may translate to the way a service user understands and articulates pain. Some commentators have pointed out that some cultures have a more stoic attitude towards pain whilst others are more expressive with their reaction to pain. Expressive patients often come from Hispanic, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean backgrounds, whilst stoic patients often come from Northern European and Asian backgrounds. However, whilst providing meaning to the way an individual responds to illness and other conditions, healthcare workers should not stereotype and always be vigilante when looking out for signs of ill health. Following on, some people may believe that their illness is caused by God, due to a sin (morality failure), and even karma. For instance, an Indian patient may believe that their illness or condition is due to events in a past life. Whilst acknowledging these beliefs it is equally important that the service user is given the best care in order to produce the best outcomes as possible. It may be that a family member who is helping to perpetuate such beliefs is spoken to sensitively. Safeguarding may also become a concern if a dominant member of the family insists on always being present when healthcare workers are there. For example in matriarchal cultures the head female will expect all communication to first go through her, and in patriarchal cultures it will be the head male. Consequently, a teenage girl from a patriarchal family may be unwilling to speak in front of her father about the real reasons that she wants to visit a healthcare professional. The professional, such as a GP or district nurse needs to be aware of this, especially if the father or mother is always present during healthcare appointments (especially when they are adults). It could be, for example, related to sexual health and early intervention may prevent the dangers of a patient contracting a sexually transmitted infection or having an unwanted pregnancy. Such dilemmas of who to respect can be difficult for the healthcare worker. Being a core value of health and social care interactions, the concept of respect has much cultural meaning. For example, respect may mean different things to people from different cultures, and it is these cultural differences that need to be taken into account when providing care. For example, in most African cultures, older people prefer not to be addressed by their first names and may like to be referred to as uncle, aunt or mama, depending on the relationship and difference in age between those they are communicating with. In Asian cultures older people may prefer to be addressed by their titles, such as doctor, Mr or Mrs (Likupe, G 2014). Due to negative stereotypes of older people it has also be shown that many younger people depersonalise older people in a process known as ‘over-accommodation’ where they use ‘elderspeak’. This involves communication being overly polite and warm, with a slowed speaking rate, increased volume of speech and use of exaggerated intonation and simple language. This for many older people is seen as condescending and patronising, to the older person and can result in lowering their self-esteem. Therefore, healthcare workers need to be aware that this may happen when talking to older people and be active in refraining from using elderspeak and pointing out to colleagues if they see them over accommodating. This is particularly important as elderspeak has been shown to increase aggressiveness and decrease receptiveness to care interventions. A good guide for health and social care organisations would be for them to provide staff with information about different cultural groups. For example, how in some cultures, old age is associated with wisdom, and often used to indicate status and power, and younger people are expected to respect older people. Another factor which has major implications to the way cultural variations may affect communication is the increasing reliance of overseas workers in British healthcare who bring with them a diverse range of cultures. For example, in 2005 Internationally Recruited Nurses (IRNs) accounted for more than 60% of the nursing workforce in some healthcare organisations (Nursing Standard). Whilst the majority of these healthcare workers provide an excellent service there has been criticism that due to language barriers some are unable to engage in ‘small-talk’ with service users. These informal chats between nurse and patient are arguably very important to the patient’s experience and road to recovery. Conclusion It is important for health and social care workers to become familiar with cultural practices and behaviours because unfamiliarity could lead to misinterpretation and misunderstanding, with service users not receiving the desired care, thereby affecting safety and outcomes. The refusal of a Jewish surgeon to operate on a patient with a Nazi tattoo highlights the difficulties of cultural variations in communication and health and social care contexts (Day, M 2010). This also illustrates the power of non-verbal communication and how signs, symbols and the use of body language can influence the way a person interprets another person’s actions and intentions. In Multi-cultural Britain it is important that health and social care providers and educators make sure that the healthcare workforce are aware of cultural variations in health and social care in order to deliver the best care possible and achieve the best outcomes. Reference standard.co.uk/news/london/census-data-shows-100-different-languages-spoken-in-almost-every-london-borough-8472483.html
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Top 7 College Dating Blogs
Top 7 College Dating Blogs Dating and college – its easy to see why plenty of people think the two simply dont mix. Dealing with the emotional ups and downs of a relationship on top of papers, professors, essays and exams can be enough to send just about anyone running for the hills. But true love waits for no man – and no semester break – so when dating and relationships get to be a bit sticky, its time to turn to one of these 7 blogs about dating while in college to help see you through. You Can Get the Girl! Although this website focuses on how to get a girl, the advice is easily transferable for women looking to grab the guy of their dreams. However, since the focus is on women, this is an especially helpful website and blog even for those who simply dont know where to start. Their bloggers and writers focus on everything from approaching a girl for the first time to planning the perfect date and tips on how to follow up and turn that date into the beginning of something beautiful. The College Crush College may be a time for change, but some things always remain the same. When you find yourself in the throes of a full on crush, chances are youll feel like youre back in grade school. The College Crush crew are there to help with great information on how to tell if your crush might be flirting back or just leading you on along with tips on how to turn crushing on someone into a real life relationship. Once youve landed your crush, you can head on over to their helpful sections on developing a strong relationship and how to best blend your new significant other with the friends who have been there since Day One. College Gloss The College Gloss website offers a bit of everything and students can find help and advice on a wide array of topics, from the best way to make space in a cramped dorm room to how to maintain a relationship while youre dealing with a full class and work schedule. Although the feel and focus of the website will appeal mainly to women, men can find helpful advice on whether or not to wait a day to text, how sending good morning texts and email can boost a relationship and other relationship mysteries. Best of all, College Gloss offers a truly one stop experience from everything from getting dressed to finding an internship. College Candy College Candy tackles issues like relationships, hookups and style with the same passion other websites dedicate to studying, class selection and resume building. While their subject focus may be more light-hearted than most, the passion with which they write is second to none. The authors at College Candy help out with advice on overcoming shyness and difficulty breaking the ice as well as grappling with serious problems, stresses and strains that can seriously affect – and destroy – college relationships. They focus mainly on romance, style and friendships – all of which can make or break your college experience. When youve got your classes figured out but your fellow students are the real puzzle, College Candy comes to the rescue. College Passions Their name may sound like an afternoon soap opera, but College Passions is all about connecting students. Modeled after other popular dating websites, College Passions matches up co-eds based on location, major and shared interests. The website offers a completely free membership and its only open to college students so you wont have to worry about sifting through profiles looking for someone who understands where youre coming from in terms of the stress of college life. They also offer ways for members to chat online, a special email account and general resources to help with finding textbooks, saving money or just joining in their community forum. Her Campus Dont let the name throw you – Her Campus is there to help every student, albeit with a heaping helping of pink. Her Campus maintains an amazing amount of info and gets started at the beginning by helping high school students find the college of their choice, get tips on how to apply and ultimately how to survive the entire experience. In terms of relationship help, Her Campus provides readers by poking fun at the dating scene with lists like â€Å"The 8 Worst Pick-Up Lines Actually Attempted on Collegiettes†as well as help with more practical relationship problems like dealing with long holiday breaks and surviving through each others mid-term madness. Dating Advice As its name suggests, this is one of the most straight forward and simple dating websites around today. Featured on outlets such as CNN, the Huffington Post and HLN, Dating Advice delivers exactly what it says – advice on every aspect of dating imaginable. From negotiating your way through online dating to dealing with friends and significant others who just dont mix. They also offer a members forum and access to various studies and reports which will satisfy psychology majors and obsessive over-analyzers alike.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Objectives of an organizations public relations department Essay
Objectives of an organizations public relations department - Essay Example The first recognized and agreed upon definition of public relations was given by Edward Bernays who said that public relations was a management function that studies and records public attributes, lays down policies, strategies and procedures with a view to the aspirations of the organization, which is implemented by the setting into motion a sequence of actions capable of achieving a positive public perception and acceptance. One of the major tasks of any public relations wings of modern organizations is to maintain up-to-date information on the public opinion. This is usually achieved by the public relations wing by way of surveys and opinion polls that obtain responses in the form of various questions that aim at understanding the public perception towards a particular entity of interest to the company. In the modern age, such information is often conducted on a global scale and the information is routed and collected using various technologies of the day such as through the Inter net and through satellite means (Paul Baines, John Egan, 2004). In fact, the Internet has evolved as the single largest medium for understanding public perception by most public relations establishments. In addition to the simplicity involved in conducting online polls, the speed and efficiency with which the obtained information can be processed and viewed for required results has resulted in a rapid rise in the use of cyberspace for most public relations initiatives. Apart from these two approaches, public relations also cover the aspect of popularizing any product or service of the organization by introducing them and their inherent capabilities and functionalities to the customer. This is done by using phone based campaigns, advertising and online promotion. The public relations society of America had the following to comment on the utilities of public relations (Jane Johnston, Clara Zawawi, 2004): "Examples of the knowledge that may be required in the professional practice of public relations include communication arts, psychology, social psychology, sociology, political science, economics, and the principles of management and ethics. Technical knowledge and skills are required for opinion research, public issues analysis, media relations, direct mail, institutional advertising, publications, film/video productions, special events, speeches, and presentations." Thus, from the above definition, it can be well understood that operating under public relations requires the individual to possess certain skills that cover many domains from management to technical knowledge to psychology. Public relations are so vital to the prospects o a company and its vision, more so for the ones that are constantly under the public eye, so much so that any company would have a certain
Friday, October 18, 2019
Differences and similarities between any public and private Essay
Differences and similarities between any public and private organizations you are familiar with - Essay Example Private schools on the other hand are profit oriented and get their funding from their customers who are the parents in this case. The products and services in the private organization are furnished based on individual needs in exchange for direct payment or transaction (Tompkins, 2005). Secondly, public organizations are predominantly controlled by political forces while private sectors are controlled by market forces. Allocation of resources in public schools is through democratic means, and in private institutions it is through the price system. This enables the private schools to define their market and set achievable goals while the public institutions pursue goals set for them by legislatures (Tompkins, 2005). One similarity is that the managers in both schools have similar functions, to run the institutions internally. They both have an interest in running programs and activities that have been properly designed for them. This is done in order to use the organization’s resources efficiently and achieve the stated goals. They are concerned with meeting the staff needs, motivating employees, obtaining financing so as achieve the set goals (Shafritz, et al, 2005). Equity and efficiency is a fundamental aspect in both private and public schools. Public organizations are mostly government sponsored with significant emphasis on equity between the constituencies. In private the institutions, there is greater emphasis on efficiency and competitive performance (Shafritz, et al,
The use of children in the Cambodian genocide Essay
The use of children in the Cambodian genocide - Essay Example The farms today are known as the 'killing fields' as so many died through over work, hunger or slaughter. Amongst the victims were the children who were taken away from their families and made to live in communal groups where the only family they were to consider was that of the Khmer Rouge. This essay sets out to show the lives these children led The Khmer Rouge wanted to eradicate anyone suspected of "involvement in free-market activities" including professionals, almost everyone with an education and who had connections to government and those who lived in the cities. The regime did not want the risk of anybody having the consciousness to rebel against their movement. The country was predominantly Buddhist and its monks were disrobed, half of them were killed and the rest forced to work in the harsh agricultural labor camps and Christianity was also abolished. They also believed that parents were corrupted by capitalism and felt that children should be separated from their families in order to ensure that they were swathed in socialist ideology. Children were taught methods of torture and were instrumental to the leadership of the communist dictatorship. The regime saw that children could be molded and indoctrinated to their political ideology; they were able to condition the children to believe that they were not the enemy and in doing so developed a community of children who were not able to identify with any other than the Khmer Rouge. The intention was to destroy the family values that were part of their culture and irradiate the trust that is held within family and community networks. Community and family members were expected and given incentives to spy on each other and this shattered networks and dissolved any trust through imbedding deeply rooted fear [1]. The young minds of children were easier to manipulate and the regime were able to brainwash children to such an extent that they would report back to the regime if their own parents were being antagonistic, the regime taught them to believe that they were their family and that their own kin were their enemies. Slogans such as 'I'm not killing my mother -I'm killing my enemy' were planted into their minds [2]. A propaganda song entitled, "We Children Love Angkar boundlessly," compared pre-revolutionary children to orphans abandoned by "the enemy", their parents, an excerpt from the song follows: [1] Colletta, N. J., & Cullen, M. L. (2000). The nexus between violent conflict, social capital and social cohesion: Case studies from Cambodia and Rwanda [electronic version]. [2] Martin, M. A. (1994). Cambodia: A shattered society. Berkeley, California: University of California Press Before the revolution, children were poor and lived lives of misery, Living like animals, suffering as orphans. The enemy abandoned all thought of us Now the glorious revolution supports us all [3]. The book the 'Children of Cambodia's Killing Fields' contains 29 essays from children who suffered at the hands of the regime. The children speak about their astonishing and painful experiences at the hands of the Khmer Rouge, how their families were torn apart to assist the social engineering plan of the regime, how
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Same sex schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Same sex schools - Essay Example Although same-sex schools have the advantage over co-ed schools in terms of academic excellence. Its disadvantages outweigh those advantages. For example in female same-sex schools, females don not have to struggle with their gender identities and thus can concentrate on their schooling. Girls no longer have to ask; "is my hair ok How does my makeup look Am I going to look like a geek if I answer another question Do I have to play sports to impress the girls" (Fidelman) In contrast, adolescents in co-ed schools are always flooded with these issues on their mind instead of concentrating on their academic lessons which should be the most essential task (Fidelman). However, the disadvantages of same-sex schools are far more plenty than its advantages. Schools should be a training ground to enable the students to be ready for the real world. In the real world, not only female dominate the world. In same-sex schools, emphasis is usually on female role model. The students' role models for best teachers are female, their role models for best athletes are female and the list goes on. Furthermore, single sex education is inconsistent with the goals of this nation's public school system to develop an educated population able to transcend barriers of race and gender in society" (Single sex education is an unwise policy).
Mary, mother of god Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Mary, mother of god - Essay Example First off, the purity of Mary presupposes that she was planned by God to be the extra-ordinary person far from any stains. She is an etalon of the female immaculate power able to touch on each and every heart and soul. She was blessed before she was chosen to bear Jesus in her womb, and, therefore, she was free from the wicked human nature, i.e. from sins as they are (Sheen 38). Thereupon, one is to remember that the blessing of Mary spread over those who once chose Jesus as their savior. On the other hand, at the moment of Mary’s conception she became the first effect of redemption and order of mercy as she came to refuge sinners (Shea 29). Thus, by praying to Mary one should understand her initial significance in the scattering of the first and foremost teaching out of the gospel. To say more, Catholics should not get themselves into the pit of fallacies forgetting about the rest of the Bible and the predominant role of Jesus Christ in saving the humanity. Mary is the beginning of the universal virginity salvation as she was immaculate enough that God beloved her to be the Mother of Child. Shea unveils the need for seeking God’s wisdom between Mary and saints by saying the following words: â€Å"Looking to a florid prayer to Mary or a saint is an excellent way to get a grasp of how Catholics with a strong Marian piety feel†(30). This is why the rational of prayer to the saints rediscovers and allegedly opens the way toward better understanding of the Mystical Body of Christ, meaning the Church itself. Mary could crush the cobra’s head, so to speak, by means of her as a medium between holiness of God and sins of people around. Given that, it is vital to amplify that Mary is the Mother of the â€Å"greatest man ever born of woman†and piety of Catholics leads to pure and clear understanding of God’s will (Sheen 73). Hereby, Mary, promulgates the birth of Jesus who brought the World’s teaching so vivid and
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Same sex schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Same sex schools - Essay Example Although same-sex schools have the advantage over co-ed schools in terms of academic excellence. Its disadvantages outweigh those advantages. For example in female same-sex schools, females don not have to struggle with their gender identities and thus can concentrate on their schooling. Girls no longer have to ask; "is my hair ok How does my makeup look Am I going to look like a geek if I answer another question Do I have to play sports to impress the girls" (Fidelman) In contrast, adolescents in co-ed schools are always flooded with these issues on their mind instead of concentrating on their academic lessons which should be the most essential task (Fidelman). However, the disadvantages of same-sex schools are far more plenty than its advantages. Schools should be a training ground to enable the students to be ready for the real world. In the real world, not only female dominate the world. In same-sex schools, emphasis is usually on female role model. The students' role models for best teachers are female, their role models for best athletes are female and the list goes on. Furthermore, single sex education is inconsistent with the goals of this nation's public school system to develop an educated population able to transcend barriers of race and gender in society" (Single sex education is an unwise policy).
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
CORPORATE OWNERSHIP, GOALS, and GOVERNANCE Research Paper
CORPORATE OWNERSHIP, GOALS, and GOVERNANCE - Research Paper Example Blair looks at the rights of owners and concludes that shareholders do not have sufficient rights to be called the corporate owners. The article details the rights that owners have such as the right to acquire and dispose off assets and a right to get profits generated by the asset and its sale. The article claims that shareholders do not possess all these rights instead it is distributed to various stakeholders. The article argues that since these rights are not possessed by shareholders, it cannot be said that they are the owners of companies. The author also says that calling shareholders the owners of companies cannot guarantee them the rights of owners. However, the author in conclusion advocates for not distributing these rights because they may discourage investment. The distribution of rights between the shareholders and managers is also discussed. The shareholders, given that they contribute capital, have a right to elect the directors. Directors are the ones who make invest ment decisions on behalf of the shareholders. The shareholders do not possess the ultimate right to control the decision making of managers. The author says that this is because in large corporations the shareholders may be so many that even the managers may not know some of them. Shareholders also have limited liability and so cannot be responsible for the debts of firms. This author says this denies them the ultimate right to say that they are the owners of the firms. To support his argument, the author looks at how corporations create wealth. She says that wealth creation in a firm is not just because of the share capital of shareholders, but other stakeholders such as customers, employees and suppliers also make special investment contributions that are important to the company. The authors say that all stakeholders in the firm are investors. She gives an example of employees who dedicate their time and human resource to serve the firm. Even though they are compensated, they nee d to be recognized in the ownership of the firm. In conclusion the article discourages the view of looking at ownership of firms in terms of assets invested. It argues that the employees also create wealth for firms and their contribution must be respected. The article puts up a strong defense for inclusion of other parties, especially the employees in the ownership of firms. This view is good, but it fails to state what level of ownership can these stakeholders posses. Inclusion of employees as owners of firms just by virtue that they help in wealth creation would present a complex scenario in the ownership and management of firms. The only recommendation would be that the employees should be encouraged to buy shares in the firm so that they can be part of owners. â€Å"Corporate Ownership and Governance†by Connelly Brian et al The aim of this article is to demonstrate that corporate governance is not a reserve of the board of directors but also owners participate in the go vernance of firms. They do this by looking at the different forms of corporate ownership and how they influence decision making in the firm. They divide this in two categories, outside ownership and inside ownership. Inside Ownership This is when stock is held by the insiders. These insiders tend to make decisions that favor the
African Americans and the Civil War Essay Example for Free
African Americans and the Civil War Essay In the world we live in many people take a lot for granted. Just the small simple things people don’t really appreciate, being ungrateful for the things that have been given to them. Many people and different situations have paved the way for our generation to become much easier to live in. African Americans during the civil rights movement had to face a lot of trills in order to make the world a better place. Many people don’t appreciate that because they are unaware of just how much grief African Americans had to go though to create a path for the upcoming generation. African Americans faced many hardships during the civil rights movement, some of those hardships were segregation, voting rights, and assassination of prominent African American leaders. Segregation was such a big obstacle for African Americans because not only were they not allowed to go certain places it became bigger than that. Everything in African Americans lives were split in half. There were white only signs places all over there towns. White only signs for bathrooms, restaurants, and water fountains. Everything was separated between the two races blacks and whites. One event that really stuck out like a sore thumb was The Montgomery Bus Boycott. During, the time of segregation blacks were allowed to ride the buses, but many rules had to apply. Blacks had a black’s only section on the bus that could be moved in any location of the bus. That means that the blacks’ only sign could be moved in front of two rows on the bus if that’s what the bus driver wanted. Black riders had to pay their bus far on the front of the bus and get off to walk to the back of the bus to ride. Some bus drivers would allow the blacks to pay and when the step off the bus the bus driver would drive away and leave them. When blacks did receive a chance to ride on the bus, if a white person did not have a seat to sit in a black person had to give up their seat. The blacks of Montgomery, Alabama, decided that they would boycott the city buses until they could sit anywhere they wanted, instead of being relegated to the back when a white boarded. On December 1, 1955, Mrs. Rosa Parks, an African American seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for not standing and letting a white bus rider take her seat. The plan to stop the whites from making the blacks move was the boycott. Blacks would no longer ride the buses anymore. That means that the bus companies were losing a lot of money. Blacks would walk to work or school and even carpool, but would not step foot on the buses. The boycott continued for over a year. Eventually, the United States Supreme Court put an end to the boycott. On November 13, 1956 the Court declared that Alabamas state and local laws requiring segregation on buses were illegal. On December 20th federal injunctions were served on city and bus company officials forcing them to follow the Supreme Courts ruling. African Americans had to face a lot just so that they could be treated as an equal on the bus. Segregation played a huge role in the school system. In public schools more so than any. That’s what stated the big flare Brown vs. Board of Education. The 1954 United States Supreme Court decision in Oliver L. Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka (KS) is among the most significant judicial turning points in the development of our country. Originally led by Charles H. Houston, and later Thurgood Marshall and a formidable legal team, it dismantled the legal basis for racial segregation in schools and other public facilities. Brown vs. Board of Education was not simply about children and education. The laws and policies struck down by this court decision were products of the human tendencies to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype other people by their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics. Ending this behavior as a legal practice caused far reaching social and ideological implications, which continue to be felt throughout our country. The Brown decision inspired and galvanized human rights struggles across the country and around the world. The U. S. Supreme Court decision in Brown began a critical chapter in the maturation of our democracy. It reaffirmed the sovereign power of the people of the United States in the protection of their natural rights from arbitrary limits and restrictions imposed by state and local governments. These rights are recognized in the Declaration of Independence and guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution. Brown was giving African Americans the opportunity to be accepted as an individual and not just as a race. Now, you would think that after the Brown vs. Board of Education whites would accept African Americans and treat them better. That was not the case and segregation did not stop there. Although, many people had hoped that it would it took the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to really make a change. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, and ended racial segregation in the United States. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. Once the Act was implemented, its effects were far-reaching on the country as a whole and had an immediate impact on the South. It prohibited discrimination in public facilities, in government, and in employment, invalidating the Jim Crow laws in the southern U. S. It became illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing, or hiring. After passage of the law, the NAACP was the only major civil rights organization to maintain a large membership in the South, where it concentrated on organizing the ongoing struggle for black civil rights. During 1965-75, the NAACP remained committed to using litigation to challenge racial injustice. African Americans had to fight hard to get what they deserved and it took a lot of patients and time to receive change but it finally happened. That is we segregation ended and Africans were free to sit, eat, talk, shop, and work anywhere they wanted. Being able to vote is a very important ordeal. Many people in this day and time take advantage of being able to voice their opinions. Not taking advantage of who we desire to have in office is a sign of being ungrateful. African Americans were not given that right years ago. African Americans had to fight just so that they could vote. That’s when the Voting Act of 1965 came in play. Before, this Act was enforced African Americans had to take a literacy tests and pay poll taxes. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 abolished literacy tests and poll taxes designed to disenfranchise African American voters, and gave the federal government the authority to take over voter registration in counties with a pattern of persistent discrimination. Echoing the language of the 15th Amendment, the Act prohibits states from imposing any voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, a Democrat, who had earlier signed the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. Being able to vote was an honor and so many people don’t even both to go vote during the elections today. African Americans fought for the right to vote without having to take tests or pay poll taxes and people still don’t go out to vote. That is taking voting rights for granted. Being an African American during the civil rights movement was a challenge, but being an African American woman was even difficult. That’s when the period of women’s suffrage played its role. Women’s Suffrage is the right of women to vote and to run for office. The expression is also used for the economic and political reform movement aimed at extending these rights to women and without any restrictions or qualifications such as property ownership, payment of tax, or marital status. Being a woman in this time period restricted of many rights. Womens suffrage has been granted at various times in various countries throughout the world, and in many countries it was granted before universal suffrage. Without women’s suffrage women would still be restricted to make decisions and just be limited to being mothers and wives. The women’s suffrage broke that cycle. The best way to leave a positive mark on the world is being a leader. It takes a lot of heart, courage, and sacrifice, in becoming a great leader. Leaders are persons that people look up to. They depend on a leader to give them hope to carry on and a positive role model to look up to. There were not too many people that wanted to take the position of being a leader, but a few chose to step up to the plate. African Americans needed kind and encouraging words to help uplift them during the civil rights movement. Two great leaders Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Melcolm X took on a job to lead the world into a better place called freedom. The two leaders gave African Americans hope to continue on when they wanted to just give up. African Americans depended on these two prominent leaders to strengthen them. African Americans during the civil rights movement needed to relay on someone and those leaders were the perfect ones. No one would have ever been ready for what was expected to come. For years African American have been told what they could and couldn’t do. They have been talked about, abused, lied on, and have had everything taken from them. But, still they have stayed strong through it all. When all they had were two great prominent leaders and they were taken from them as well they still stayed strong. Two great prominent leaders were assonated. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. He was best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. King was often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. Kings efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his I Have a Dream speech. There, he expanded American values to include the vision of a color blind society, and established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. But, as people have said â€Å"all things must come to an end. †At 6:01 p. m. on April 4, 1968, a shot rang out. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , who had been standing on the balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, TN, lay sprawled on the balconys floor. A gaping wound covered a large portion of his jaw and neck. A great man who had spent thirteen years of his life dedicating himself to nonviolent protest had been felled by a snipers bullet.
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