How to Use the Italian Verb Avere

Besides being a foundational verb in its own right, the Italian verb avere, or to have in English, has a particularly important role in Italian as an auxiliary verb. This second-conjugation irregular verb facilitates—together with partner essere—all compound tenses of all modes of all verbs: avere for many transitive and intransitive verbs, and essere for reflexive verbs, verbs of movement, and many other intransitive verbs as well. You would not be able to say that you ate a sandwich (ho mangiato un panino), you slept well (ho dormito bene!), you loved your dog (ho voluto molto bene al mio cane), or that you had hoped to learn Italian (avevo sperato di imparare litaliano!) without the verb avere (together, of course, with past participles). Here, though, we want to tell you about the other special ways in which the verb avere is fundamental to the expression of living in Italian. Expressing a Feeling Avere is used to express a series of important feelings, many of which are rendered in English with the verb to be or to feel and that are used very frequently. At the top of the list is the expression of a desire to do something: avere voglia di, or non avere voglia di. For example: Ho voglia di mangiare una pizza (I feel like eating a pizza); non abbiamo voglia di andare al cinema (we dont feel like going to the movies); mia figlia non ha voglia di andare a scuola (my daughter doesnt feel like going to school). Avere voglia is subtly different from wanting or volere: a bit less resolved, more temporary and a bit capricious. You also use avere to express your age: Ho dodici anni (I am 12 years old), or mia nonna ha cento anni (my grandmother is 100). Here are the other most important ones: Avere freddo to be cold Fuori ho freddo. Outside I am cold. Avere caldo to be hot Dentro ho caldo. Inside I am hot. Avere sete to be thirsty Ho sete! I am thirsty! Avere fame to be hungry Abbiamo fame! We are hungry! Avere paura di to be afraid Ho paura del buio. I am afraid of the dark. Avere sonno to be sleepy I bambini hanno sonno. The children are sleepy. Avere fretta to be in a hurry Ho fretta: devo andare. I am in a hurry: I need to go. Avere bisogno di to be in need of Ho bisogno di un dottore. I need a doctor. Avere torto to be wrong Hai torto. You are wrong. Avere ragione to be right Ho sempre ragione. I am always right. Avere piacere di to be pleased Ho piacere di vederti. I am pleased to see you. Italian Idioms Besides expressions of feeling, avere is used in a long list of idiomatic expressions, called locuzioni in Italian. Our trusty Italian dizionari are full of them. Here we do not cite the many that use avere literally and are similar to English (to have in mind or to have a screw loose), but this is a good sampling of the most interesting and frequently used: avere del matto (del buono, del cattivo) to seem a bit crazy (or good, or bad) avere l'aria di to seem (give off the air of) avere la borsa piena to be rich (have a full purse) avere caro to hold (something) dear avere su (addosso) to have on (wear) avere (or non avere) a che vedere to have something to do with avere nulla da spartire to have nothing in common with somebody avere a che dire to have something to say avere (or non avere) a che fare con to have something to do with something or somebody avere a mente to remember avere a cuore to hold dear avere importanza to be important avere luogo to take place avere inizio to begin avere presente to picture something clearly in one's mind avere (qualcuno) sulla bocca to talk about someone often avere per la testa to have something in one's head avere da fare to be busy avere le madonne to be in a bad mood avere l'acquolina in bocca to salivate/to have a watering mouth avere la meglio/la peggio to best/to lose avere occhio to watch out/to have a good eye avere le scatole piene to be fed up avere (qualcuno) sullo stomaco to dislike someone avere il diavolo addosso to be fidgety avere (qualcosa) per le mani to be dealing with something avere cura di to take care of someone or something averla a male to be offended avere in odio to hate avere un diavolo per capello to be furious (to have a devil for each hair) Non Ci Ho Voglia! Avere is sometimes expressed in speaking as averci: You will hear people say, ci ho fame, or ci ho sonno, or ci ho voglia (spoken as if the ci and ho were connected through a soft h, like the English sound ch, though they are not, and in fact we know that ch is a hard sound like k). The ci is a pronominal particle on top of the already present noun. It is technically not correct but frequently said (though definitely not written). Regional Uses: Tenere as Avere A note about tenere in relation to avere: In Southern Italy tenere is often used in the place of avere. You hear people say, tengo due figli (I have two children) and even tengo fame (I am hungry), or tengo trentanni (I am 30 years old). This is a widespread but regional use of the verb. The verb tenere means to hold, keep, maintain, hold onto.

Night-Father/Son Relationship - 788 Words

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Freud And Psychoanalysis free essay sample

The impact of Freud’s psychoanalysis extends far beyond psychology, influencing much of the twentieth-century intellectual history. Freud stressed the enormous importance of unconscious mental processes in human behavior. He showed such processes affect the content of dreams, and cause commonplace mishaps such as slips of the tongue and forgetting names, as well as self-inflicted accidents and even diseases. Freud developed the technique of psychoanalysis as a method of treating mental illness. He formulated a theory of the structure of the human personality. He also developed or popularized psychological theories concerning anxiety, defense mechanisms, the castration complex, repression and sublimation, to name just a few. His writings greatly stimulated interest in psychological theory. Many of his ideas were, and are, highly controversial, and have provoked heated discussions ever since he proposed them (Classic Notes). By listening carefully to the patient’s associations, Freud detected consistent themes, which on further analysis were shown to be manifestations of the patient’s unconscious wishes and fears. We will write a custom essay sample on Freud And Psychoanalysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The idea that much of behavior appears to be a compromise between wishes and fears assumed a central role in Freud’s understanding of neurotic symptoms, dreams, slips of the tongue, humor, sexual behavior and even occupational interests. In his analyses of these phenomena, he found evidence of unresolved childhood conflicts, unconscious incestuous wishes, and hostile impulses. From observations such as these, Freud formulated the psychoanalytic theory. We turn now to some of the findings and interpretations that form the core of this theory. (Freud, Sigmund). One of the provocative aspects of psychoanalytic theory is the assertion that forces of which we are unaware—the unconscious, govern a significant part of our behavior. Our choice of a marital partner or vocation, our hobbies, quarrels with friends, careless acts and incompetent performances may reflect the influence of impulses and fears that remain unconscious—that is, inaccessible to our conscious mind. Impulses and feelings such as shame, guilt or fear—and the memories associated with these unacceptable feelings—may also be excluded from awareness. When Freud encouraged his patients to recall painful memories and to confront unacceptable feelings, they appeared to resist his efforts. Freud hypothesized that this resistance was a function of an active, although unconscious, attempt to exclude unpleasant events and feelings from memory. He called this repression. Freud is perhaps best known for proposing the idea that repressed sexual feelings often play a causative role in mental illness or neurosis. He also pointed out that sexual feelings and desires begin in early childhood, rather than in adolescence. (Classic Notes). Because many of Freud’s ideas are still so controversial, it is very difficult to assess his place in history. He was a pioneer and a trailblazer, with a remarkable talent for coming up with new ideas. Despite the continuing controversy over his ideas, there seems little doubt that Freud is a towering figure in the history of human thought. His ideas on psychology have completely revolutionized our conception of the human mind, and many of the ideas and terms which he introduced have become common usage—for example, the id, the ego, the superego, the Oedipus complex. (Classic Notes) It is true that psychoanalysis is an extremely expensive mode of treatment, and that it often fails. But it is also true that the technique has a great many successes to its credit. Future psychologists may well conclude that repressed sexual feelings play a lesser role in human behavior than many Freudians have claimed. However, such feelings surely play a greater role than most psychologists before Freud had believed. Similarly, the majority of psychologists are now convinced that unconscious mental processes play a decisive role in human behavior—one that was greatly underestimated before Freud. (Classic Notes) REFERENCES Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. Trans. and Ed. James Strachey. Intro.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Peter Gay. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1961. Civilization and its Discontents. Classic Notes. 2003. Accessed Oct 1, 2006 at: http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/civilization/