Communication Term Paper - 550 Words

The Risk of Cultural Issues in Written Communications (Term Paper Sample) Content: Essay, ManagementStudent Name The Risk of Cultural Issues in Written CommunicationsInstitution NameDateIntroductionIn the interaction among partners from different geographical locations, the risk of miscommunication and misinterpretation is inevitable. This is because of the different expressions of the communicated words, which can be mistaken for rudeness. This becomes worse in written communication because the originator of the communication does not have an opportunity to clarify his or her points. If not treated carefully, miscommunication of such nature can lead to insubordination or even prosecution.Causes and Effects of Cross-cultural DifferencesCausesMiscommunication takes place when there is a disconnection between the speakers intended meaning and the receivers interpretation of the communication. A good example is given by Tannen Saville-Troika (1982, p. 41), about an Egyptian pilot called a traffic controller of Greek origin, asking if it was safe for t he plane to land in Cyprus. The controller responded with a silence to mean refusal but the Egyptian interpreted that as acceptance and proceeded with the trip to Cyprus, only to be fired at by the Greeks in Cyprus while approaching the run way.Another cause is the complete language barrier between non related languages such as Russian and English, unlike the case between French and English whereby many words and closely related in spelling and pronunciation. Most of the Russians do not understand or speak English at all (Gudykunst 2003, p. 62). Likewise, Many English speakers do not understand Russian. In such a scenario, if a speech is presented in Russian, an English man will lose some important points.EffectsAs mentioned before, in a miscommunication and misunderstanding in cross-cultural interaction, people lose the exact meaning of the communication and may respond in undesired ways. In cross cultural conversation, participants may decide to deliberately mislead the hearers, a nd convince them with false information. For example, Reynolds (2004, p. 38) argues that a participant may masquerade as being of greater social status than his or her true position in the society is. In a written communication, this can be more misleading because apart from just hearing wrongly, the reading itself may be wrong from the onset.The second and most tragic effect is that a participant may fail in a very important interview and possibly loose an opportunity of a lifetime, for lack of communication.Remedial actions to Cross-Cultural MiscommunicationApologyOnce a misunderstanding has occurred from cross-cultural communication, there should be a quick way to resolve and clarify on the specific errors. For example, it is a good practice to apologize and make possible clarification as suggested by Pride (1985, p. 62). With apology, the hearers may not be able to take offence.RepetitionThe speaker ought to avoid vocabularies and jargons. When the speaker notices a sign of misc ommunication, he or she can repeat the same conversation in simpler terms. Use of Interpreters Where possible, the communication between different cultures ought to be interpreted by ... Communication Term Paper - 550 Words The Risk of Cultural Issues in Written Communications (Term Paper Sample) Content: Essay, ManagementStudent Name The Risk of Cultural Issues in Written CommunicationsInstitution NameDateIntroductionIn the interaction among partners from different geographical locations, the risk of miscommunication and misinterpretation is inevitable. This is because of the different expressions of the communicated words, which can be mistaken for rudeness. This becomes worse in written communication because the originator of the communication does not have an opportunity to clarify his or her points. If not treated carefully, miscommunication of such nature can lead to insubordination or even prosecution.Causes and Effects of Cross-cultural DifferencesCausesMiscommunication takes place when there is a disconnection between the speakers intended meaning and the receivers interpretation of the communication. A good example is given by Tannen Saville-Troika (1982, p. 41), about an Egyptian pilot called a traffic controller of Greek origin, asking if it was safe for t he plane to land in Cyprus. The controller responded with a silence to mean refusal but the Egyptian interpreted that as acceptance and proceeded with the trip to Cyprus, only to be fired at by the Greeks in Cyprus while approaching the run way.Another cause is the complete language barrier between non related languages such as Russian and English, unlike the case between French and English whereby many words and closely related in spelling and pronunciation. Most of the Russians do not understand or speak English at all (Gudykunst 2003, p. 62). Likewise, Many English speakers do not understand Russian. In such a scenario, if a speech is presented in Russian, an English man will lose some important points.EffectsAs mentioned before, in a miscommunication and misunderstanding in cross-cultural interaction, people lose the exact meaning of the communication and may respond in undesired ways. In cross cultural conversation, participants may decide to deliberately mislead the hearers, a nd convince them with false information. For example, Reynolds (2004, p. 38) argues that a participant may masquerade as being of greater social status than his or her true position in the society is. In a written communication, this can be more misleading because apart from just hearing wrongly, the reading itself may be wrong from the onset.The second and most tragic effect is that a participant may fail in a very important interview and possibly loose an opportunity of a lifetime, for lack of communication.Remedial actions to Cross-Cultural MiscommunicationApologyOnce a misunderstanding has occurred from cross-cultural communication, there should be a quick way to resolve and clarify on the specific errors. For example, it is a good practice to apologize and make possible clarification as suggested by Pride (1985, p. 62). With apology, the hearers may not be able to take offence.RepetitionThe speaker ought to avoid vocabularies and jargons. When the speaker notices a sign of misc ommunication, he or she can repeat the same conversation in simpler terms. Use of Interpreters Where possible, the communication between different cultures ought to be interpreted by ...

How to Use the Italian Verb Avere

Besides being a foundational verb in its own right, the Italian verb avere, or to have in English, has a particularly important role in Italian as an auxiliary verb. This second-conjugation irregular verb facilitates—together with partner essere—all compound tenses of all modes of all verbs: avere for many transitive and intransitive verbs, and essere for reflexive verbs, verbs of movement, and many other intransitive verbs as well. You would not be able to say that you ate a sandwich (ho mangiato un panino), you slept well (ho dormito bene!), you loved your dog (ho voluto molto bene al mio cane), or that you had hoped to learn Italian (avevo sperato di imparare litaliano!) without the verb avere (together, of course, with past participles). Here, though, we want to tell you about the other special ways in which the verb avere is fundamental to the expression of living in Italian. Expressing a Feeling Avere is used to express a series of important feelings, many of which are rendered in English with the verb to be or to feel and that are used very frequently. At the top of the list is the expression of a desire to do something: avere voglia di, or non avere voglia di. For example: Ho voglia di mangiare una pizza (I feel like eating a pizza); non abbiamo voglia di andare al cinema (we dont feel like going to the movies); mia figlia non ha voglia di andare a scuola (my daughter doesnt feel like going to school). Avere voglia is subtly different from wanting or volere: a bit less resolved, more temporary and a bit capricious. You also use avere to express your age: Ho dodici anni (I am 12 years old), or mia nonna ha cento anni (my grandmother is 100). Here are the other most important ones: Avere freddo to be cold Fuori ho freddo. Outside I am cold. Avere caldo to be hot Dentro ho caldo. Inside I am hot. Avere sete to be thirsty Ho sete! I am thirsty! Avere fame to be hungry Abbiamo fame! We are hungry! Avere paura di to be afraid Ho paura del buio. I am afraid of the dark. Avere sonno to be sleepy I bambini hanno sonno. The children are sleepy. Avere fretta to be in a hurry Ho fretta: devo andare. I am in a hurry: I need to go. Avere bisogno di to be in need of Ho bisogno di un dottore. I need a doctor. Avere torto to be wrong Hai torto. You are wrong. Avere ragione to be right Ho sempre ragione. I am always right. Avere piacere di to be pleased Ho piacere di vederti. I am pleased to see you. Italian Idioms Besides expressions of feeling, avere is used in a long list of idiomatic expressions, called locuzioni in Italian. Our trusty Italian dizionari are full of them. Here we do not cite the many that use avere literally and are similar to English (to have in mind or to have a screw loose), but this is a good sampling of the most interesting and frequently used: avere del matto (del buono, del cattivo) to seem a bit crazy (or good, or bad) avere l'aria di to seem (give off the air of) avere la borsa piena to be rich (have a full purse) avere caro to hold (something) dear avere su (addosso) to have on (wear) avere (or non avere) a che vedere to have something to do with avere nulla da spartire to have nothing in common with somebody avere a che dire to have something to say avere (or non avere) a che fare con to have something to do with something or somebody avere a mente to remember avere a cuore to hold dear avere importanza to be important avere luogo to take place avere inizio to begin avere presente to picture something clearly in one's mind avere (qualcuno) sulla bocca to talk about someone often avere per la testa to have something in one's head avere da fare to be busy avere le madonne to be in a bad mood avere l'acquolina in bocca to salivate/to have a watering mouth avere la meglio/la peggio to best/to lose avere occhio to watch out/to have a good eye avere le scatole piene to be fed up avere (qualcuno) sullo stomaco to dislike someone avere il diavolo addosso to be fidgety avere (qualcosa) per le mani to be dealing with something avere cura di to take care of someone or something averla a male to be offended avere in odio to hate avere un diavolo per capello to be furious (to have a devil for each hair) Non Ci Ho Voglia! Avere is sometimes expressed in speaking as averci: You will hear people say, ci ho fame, or ci ho sonno, or ci ho voglia (spoken as if the ci and ho were connected through a soft h, like the English sound ch, though they are not, and in fact we know that ch is a hard sound like k). The ci is a pronominal particle on top of the already present noun. It is technically not correct but frequently said (though definitely not written). Regional Uses: Tenere as Avere A note about tenere in relation to avere: In Southern Italy tenere is often used in the place of avere. You hear people say, tengo due figli (I have two children) and even tengo fame (I am hungry), or tengo trentanni (I am 30 years old). This is a widespread but regional use of the verb. The verb tenere means to hold, keep, maintain, hold onto.

Night-Father/Son Relationship - 788 Words

Chloe Kennison Honors English 10 Mr. MacNamee April 3, 2013 1 Relationship: From Night to Day (Rough Draft) In the short but gripping memoir named â€Å"Night,† author Elie (Eliezer) Wiesel deeply reflects on his experiences in various concentration camps with his father during the Holocaust. Before the Jews were shipped off to incessant fear and starvation, Elie’s father didn’t have a significant relationship with his family, particularly Elie. After they were shipped away and got separated from the females in their family, however, Elie and his father became close and by the end of the book, they were each others’ strength. â€Å"Night† shows a distinct change of relationship between Elie and his father: it†¦show more content†¦On the cattle car of the train, a man (gravedigger) came and tried to throw Eliezer’s father off of the train because he was in a deep sleep and they were clearing the corpses. Another time on the train, a man came and tried to strangle Eliezer, but his father, through all his weakness, kept the man at bay and ca lled for help. Once they were off the train and into the snow, Elie and his father were often holding each other for warmth and keeping the other awake so as to not fall into a never-ending sleep. From the get-go, their relationship wasn’t so strong. But as time went on, it grew and was gone in anShow MoreRelatedFather Son Relationship In The Novel Night831 Words   |  4 Pagesthe father-son relationship in the text is a strength? In the novel Night, Elie Wiesel is transparent and honest towards the audience about his father-son relationship experience in Auschwitz-Birkenau, one of Hitler’s concentration camps. Ellie Wiesel provides the reader with an insight of the incessantly instinctive unconditional loving bond of the father-son relationship between Eliezer and his father, which develops throughout the novel. Towards the beginning of the novel, the relationship betweenRead MoreTheme Of Father And Son Relationships In Night By Elie Wiesel1212 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the major themes that can be found in Night, by Elie Wiesel, is one of father/son relationships. To quote a father from the book, Stein, â€Å"The only thing that keeps me alive is knowing that Reizel and the little ones are still alive.† Not all father/son relationships are as good however. Another part of the book reads, â€Å"I once saw. . . a boy of thirteen, beat his father for not making his bed properly. As the old man quietly wept, the boy was yelling, ‘If you don’t stop crying instantly, IRead MoreRelationship between Father and Son in Elie Wiesels Night972 Words   |  4 PagesElie Wiesels Night: Fathers and sons Over the course of Elie Wiesels novel Night, the protagonist Eliezer gradually begins to lose his faith in God. He sinks deeper and deeper into the evils of the Holocaust, first in the ghetto, then in the Nazi concentration camp. As Eliezers views on religion begin to change, so does his relationship with his father. He begins the novel still a young boy, and regards his father as powerful and full of strength. Gradually, he is stripped of his boyhood illusionsRead MoreFather and Son Relationship in Elie Wiesel ´s Night792 Words   |  4 Pageshad his father working side by side with him. In the memoir Night, by Elie Wiesel, a young boy and his father were condemned to a concentration camp located in Poland. In the concentration camps, having family members along can be a great blessing, but also a burden. Elie Wiesel shows that the relationship with his father was the strength that kept the young boy alive, but was also the major weakness. Before Elie Wiesel and his father are deported, they do not have a significant relationship. TheyRead MoreFather-Son Relationship in Elie Wiesels Night Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesWiesels experience in the Holocaust, Elie and his father shared a distant relationship that lacked a tremendous amount of support and communications but, eventually, their bond strengthens as they rely on each other for survival and comfort. Elie Wiesels description of the relationship he shared with his father, Shlomo, prior to the Holocaust, shows that it is distant and lacks the chemistry a father and son usually possess. Elie retells that his father did not show signs of encouragement when he wantedRead MoreA Relationship Between Fathers And Sons Being Broken By Selfish Acts1234 Words   |  5 PagesRough times can turn a dysfunctional relationship into an unbreakable bond, however, they can also shatter the sturdiest of relationships, forever. In Elie Wiesel’s legendary book, Night, Wiesel vividly describes his and his father’s lives in the concentration camps during the Holocaust. During the book, the connection between Elie and his father, Shlomo Wiesel, slowly transitions from a broken father-son relationship to the point where they would risk their lives for one another. Initially, whenRead MoreNight V. Life Is Beautiful Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesNight vs. Life is Beautiful When people look at two extremely different stories such as Night and Life is Beautiful, they would not expect there to be many similarities. However, these two devastating tales are more alike than suspected. Both Night and Life is Beautiful may be two accounts of the holocaust, but that does not mean that they bring the same thing to the table. They both may include a somewhat similar father-son relationship, yet they still aren’t that same. Night, a tragic memoirRead MoreEssay on Concentration Camps in Night by Elie Wiesel616 Words   |  3 PagesElie Wiesel’s book â€Å"Night† shows the life of a father and son going through the concentration camp of World War II. Their life long journey begins from when they are taken from their home in Sighet, they experience harsh and inhuman conditions in the camps. These conditions cause Elie and his father’s relationship to change. During their time there, Elie and his father experience a reversal in roles. At the beginning of the novel , Elies relationship with his father is fairly close. Slowly butRead More Father and Son by Bernard MacLaverty Essay560 Words   |  3 PagesFather and Son By Bernard MacLaverty Father and Son is a story about the relationship between a widower father and his teenage son. â€Å"Father and Son† â€Å"Father and Son† is a story about the relationship between a widower father and his teenage son. They live in Belfast, in a neighbourhood with a lot of violence. At night they can hear the sound of ambulances criss-crosses the dark. Both the son and the father are scared to sleep at night, but the son will not admit his fears to his fatherRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1960 novel, Night, Elie Wiesel utilizes several literary devices, including the symbology of nighttime, motif of religious practices, and theme of father-son relationships, in order to emphasize the atrocities of the Holocaust specifically for Jews. Wiesel’s first hand experience in concentration camps allows for a vivid retelling of what many people had to endure. The symbolic portrayal of the nighttime helps to add a deeper meaning to the text. The title of the novel, Night, brings the symbol

Freud And Psychoanalysis free essay sample

The impact of Freud’s psychoanalysis extends far beyond psychology, influencing much of the twentieth-century intellectual history. Freud stressed the enormous importance of unconscious mental processes in human behavior. He showed such processes affect the content of dreams, and cause commonplace mishaps such as slips of the tongue and forgetting names, as well as self-inflicted accidents and even diseases. Freud developed the technique of psychoanalysis as a method of treating mental illness. He formulated a theory of the structure of the human personality. He also developed or popularized psychological theories concerning anxiety, defense mechanisms, the castration complex, repression and sublimation, to name just a few. His writings greatly stimulated interest in psychological theory. Many of his ideas were, and are, highly controversial, and have provoked heated discussions ever since he proposed them (Classic Notes). By listening carefully to the patient’s associations, Freud detected consistent themes, which on further analysis were shown to be manifestations of the patient’s unconscious wishes and fears. We will write a custom essay sample on Freud And Psychoanalysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The idea that much of behavior appears to be a compromise between wishes and fears assumed a central role in Freud’s understanding of neurotic symptoms, dreams, slips of the tongue, humor, sexual behavior and even occupational interests. In his analyses of these phenomena, he found evidence of unresolved childhood conflicts, unconscious incestuous wishes, and hostile impulses. From observations such as these, Freud formulated the psychoanalytic theory. We turn now to some of the findings and interpretations that form the core of this theory. (Freud, Sigmund). One of the provocative aspects of psychoanalytic theory is the assertion that forces of which we are unaware—the unconscious, govern a significant part of our behavior. Our choice of a marital partner or vocation, our hobbies, quarrels with friends, careless acts and incompetent performances may reflect the influence of impulses and fears that remain unconscious—that is, inaccessible to our conscious mind. Impulses and feelings such as shame, guilt or fear—and the memories associated with these unacceptable feelings—may also be excluded from awareness. When Freud encouraged his patients to recall painful memories and to confront unacceptable feelings, they appeared to resist his efforts. Freud hypothesized that this resistance was a function of an active, although unconscious, attempt to exclude unpleasant events and feelings from memory. He called this repression. Freud is perhaps best known for proposing the idea that repressed sexual feelings often play a causative role in mental illness or neurosis. He also pointed out that sexual feelings and desires begin in early childhood, rather than in adolescence. (Classic Notes). Because many of Freud’s ideas are still so controversial, it is very difficult to assess his place in history. He was a pioneer and a trailblazer, with a remarkable talent for coming up with new ideas. Despite the continuing controversy over his ideas, there seems little doubt that Freud is a towering figure in the history of human thought. His ideas on psychology have completely revolutionized our conception of the human mind, and many of the ideas and terms which he introduced have become common usage—for example, the id, the ego, the superego, the Oedipus complex. (Classic Notes) It is true that psychoanalysis is an extremely expensive mode of treatment, and that it often fails. But it is also true that the technique has a great many successes to its credit. Future psychologists may well conclude that repressed sexual feelings play a lesser role in human behavior than many Freudians have claimed. However, such feelings surely play a greater role than most psychologists before Freud had believed. Similarly, the majority of psychologists are now convinced that unconscious mental processes play a decisive role in human behavior—one that was greatly underestimated before Freud. (Classic Notes) REFERENCES Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. Trans. and Ed. James Strachey. Intro.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Peter Gay. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1961. Civilization and its Discontents. Classic Notes. 2003. Accessed Oct 1, 2006 at: http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/civilization/

The Five Sexes, Revisited Essay Essay Example

The Five Sexes, Revisited Essay Paper The reading The Five Sexes. Revisited was about the deceit of today’s two-sex system in society. The cardinal issue Anne Fausto-Sterling addresses is that there are people born outside of dimorphism and most people do non understand this ( pg. 122 ) . The most of import point or cardinal statement is that the two-sexes. male and female should no longer be accepted. Alternatively. five-sexes should be accepted: male. female. â€Å"herms† . â€Å"merms† . and ferms† ( pg. 121 ) . An of import fact the writer makes is. â€Å"†¦we calculated that for every 1. 000 kids born. 17 are intersexual in some form† ( pg. 122 ) . This spot of information proves that there are babies born between the sexes male and female. It is of import for people to recognize that assorted babes are in being. Anne Fausto-Sterling besides portions a narrative of a born intersexual. â€Å"Consider for case. the life of Max Beck: Born intersexual. Max was surgically assigned as a female and systematically raised as such. We will write a custom essay sample on The Five Sexes, Revisited Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Five Sexes, Revisited Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Five Sexes, Revisited Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Had her medical squad followed her into her early mid-twentiess. they would hold deemed her assignment a success because she was married to a adult male. Within a few old ages. nevertheless. Beck had come out as a dike lesbian† ( pg. 124 ) . It all comes down to society and this narrative proves it. If the universe were more unfastened to these sex issues. so we would non hold these issues in the first topographic point. In Max’s instance. being born intersexual would non hold been an issue in Max’s life. Alternatively. the physicians chose Max’s gender without any consent from Max. Another interesting fact that Anne Fausto-Sterling uses to endorse up her statement is â€Å"The logical construction of the commonly used footings â€Å"true intersex. † â€Å"male pseudohermaphrodite† and â€Å"female pseudohermaphrodite† indicates that merely the alleged true intersex is a echt mix of male and female†¦Because true intersexs are rare – perchance merely one in 100. 000 – such a categorization system supports the thought that human existences are an perfectly dimorphous species† ( pg. 124 ) . The writer makes her argument stronger with this fact because she is connoting that those who have hidden male and female parts are non â€Å"true† mixes ; hence. the little per centum of â€Å"true† intersexs is so infinitesimal that the lone sexes that should be considered are male and female. The issue is. nevertheless. is that there are still many people with concealed parts inside them that the society does non take into consideration. which is take downing to those â€Å"merms† and â€Å"herms. † The Five Sexes. Revisted aids do it apparent that gender is non an issue if society would non do it an issue. The writer makes it clear that gender is socially constructed. construing the differences between sexes. ranking males higher ; nevertheless. there are adult females merely every bit masculine as some work forces. It is true that many extremely masculine people are in fact adult females. and some of the most feminine people are work forces. There are many misconceptions with the sexes and the stereotypes associated with them. The boundaries dividing work forces and adult females are non easy to specify. which implies that work forces should non be considered overmastering or have more privileges than adult females.

Civilization Term Paper Topics

Civilization Term Paper Topics If you are enrolled in a course of civilization of any kind – then comes a time when you are asked to write a paper on a civilization term paper topic. In this case – you have to write a splendid paper which will cover all the material which you discussed in class, and express your personal opinion. These days, not every student knows how to write a good term paper on any of the civilization term paper topics. In order to succeed in this activity – a student needs to know the theory of writing term papers, as well as possess some knowledge on the civilization topic. The first thing you need to figure out for yourself is the topic of your term paper. There are various civilization term paper topics where you can apply yourself, but you need to choose only one, which will show your knowledge on all other civilization term paper topics. The possible civilization term paper topics are: America in the 18th century England before 1700 France before 1700 European history term paper topic The culture of Europe in the 17th-19th centuries Mixed and controversial issues of western civilization All these civilization term paper topics are good to write about and discuss, but all of them are tricky. Not every student knows that if you want to get a good grade – you need to show your knowledge on several civilization term paper topics, and that is when comparison comes in handy. If you are writing about France before 1700 – you have to compare France to England, and many other countries. This way you will show your professor, that even though you chose France as the main topic of your discussion, you still are proficient in other countrys history. Always stay focused on your topic. As soon as you start writing something – your mind will want to bounce from topic to topic, and discuss everything you want to, but you need to control yourself and stay focused on something specific. When you have chosen a topic – you need to come up with a smart hypothesis. You need one string idea or an argument, to lead you through the whole civilization term paper. It could be something of your own observation. If you do that – you will need a bunch of supportive arguments to prove your point. This is the whole point of a quality civilization term paper – and if you follow these simple instructions – you will definitely succeed in writing your paper on any civilization term paper topic. If you feel that writing on your civilization term paper topic is too complicated – you can ask CustomWritings.com for help and quality term paper assistance. We are here to help striving students get over with their civilization term papers and help them get high grades for their paper. Our professional writers will share their experience and expertise in any civilization term paper topic and will show you how a great civilization term paper is done. All our papers on civilization topics are written from scratch and 100% plagiarism free. We always control the quality of every custom written civilization term paper. Our writers always follow the instructions that come with the order. We have very strict policies towards this. SO be sure that you will be pleasantly surprised with your custom written civilization term paper. Heres a list of the most popular civilization term paper topics: 1. The Inca Civilization 2. Symbols of Civilization 3. Civilization Deteriorates to Savagery 4. Ancient Civilization 5. The Brilliant Maya Civilization 6. Lord of the Flies: Civilization and Savagery 7. The Birth of Civilization 8. Early Western Civilizations 9. Egypt Civilization 10. Monks Saved Western Civilization 11. Contributions to Western Civilization from Ancient Greeks 12. Geography: Its Influence on the Development of Civilizations 13. Three Major Contributions to Civilization 14. The Ancient African Civilization Aksum 15. Freud in Civilization 16. Use of Civilization in Grendel 17. Destruction of Civilization 18. Egyptian and Sumerian Civilizations 19. Ethics in Western Civilization 20. History of Western Civilization: Industrial Revolution 21. Indian Civilization

Tommy hilfiger casestudy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tommy hilfiger casestudy - Coursework Example The CEO at Hilfiger shifted the bulk of design output to the European headquarters and this led to an overall price hike. For one thing, the costs of production in Europe are higher. Operational and distribution costs are also very high in Europe compared to the United States based on the different retail and wholesale systems. In the U.S., mid to high tier department stores are utilized to stock the merchandise and reach the customers. Due to the â€Å"mall† culture of United States, this strategy worked very well and at lower distribution costs the company could easily reach its target market. In contrast, the retail culture in Europe is very â€Å"small boutique†, where shoppers go to small, exclusive shops to buy clothing rather than bigger departmental chains. These chains, such as Galeries Lafayette in France, are costly distribution options. As a result, the associated costs spiked. To compete with European brands that are tagged at higher prices (up around $50 o n average on a single T-shirt, for example) Hilfiger merchandise was priced higher in Europe to make them competitive. Lastly, to convey the message of premium quality and compete with higher end European brands such as LV, Prada and Gucci, the company positioned the product in the top tier category and had to mark prices accordingly. In branding, the Law of Quality described by Al and Laura Ries (2009) shows that the higher the price of a brand, the greater the perception of quality. This law was seen in practice in the European Hilfiger market. The company has been able to establish a European customer base and market presence. As a result, the European market accounts for 40% of the total sales of the company. The American market has suffered due to lower pricing strategy and inability to compete on the fronts that the Hilfiger brand was traditionally known for. Competing on different price levels in different regions does not have as big an impact if the two are compared; howeve r, as standalone businesses, the European region has benefitted and North American region has suffered. 2. Hilfiger’s CEO would like to harmonise the European and U.S. collections by having Hilfiger move more upmarket in the US. What problems might the company face in doing this? What might it do to make this strategy successful? Building on the tested idea that higher prices are equated with higher quality, associations that the Hilfiger brand strives for, the company intended to move more up-market in the U.S. The major problems that might result from this strategy are mentioned below: Changes might hurt the overall brand. Branding is achieved through a consistent face of the company and its products. With standard designs in collections, it would be damaging in the long run for a brand to have a changed strategy and pricing policy in Europe and US. Resistance from the traditional buyer of Hilfiger. The traditional buyer comes to Hilfiger expecting the All-American, classic casual wear that is affordable. A higher price tag will disillusion the buyer, making him think the brand he loves to wear has changed and is not what he has always wanted. This will result in lost sales for the company. Lose the essence that made it famous. A higher price tag will demand a change in the design strategy also because charging a premium for the standard material and design will confuse the buyer. For example, when the company changed the logo design, a Hilfiger trademark, the company faced lower